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In order to resolve an emotional conflict the rostal[[ACC]] inhibits the amygdala (or [[FFFF]] mechanism)<ref>[http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.126.1555&rep=rep1&type=pdf Amit Etkin, Tobias Egner, Daniel M. Peraza, Eric R. Kandel and Joy Hirsch, Resolving Emotional Conflict: A Role for the Rostral Anterior Cingulate Cortex in Modulating Activity in the Amygdala, Neuron 51, 1–12, September 7, 2006]</ref>. This is strengthing by the findings that in panic disorder, the volume of the the ACC is reduced, <ref>[https://www.slicer.org/slicerWeb/images/2/2c/Asami-PsychiatryClinNeurosci2008.pdf Takeshi et al., Anterior cingulate cortex volume reduction in patients with panic disorder, Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 2008; 62: 322–330]</ref> . When the ACC (ACcd) has deficient in activation, there seem to be more impolsivity in ADHD compered to control group<ref>[http://faculty-web.at.northwestern.edu/speech/booth/james/neuropsychology/AttentionArticles/BushFrazier.1999.pdf low ACcd activity and ADHD impulsivity, 1999]</ref>. When anticipating pain, women domnstrate more activation of the ACC<ref>[http://ukpmc.ac.uk/abstract/MED/16012355/reload=0;jsessionid=fBlS5IiTyyjXq46t6m68.12 Gender difrences in ACC before pain, 2005]</ref>.  
 
In order to resolve an emotional conflict the rostal[[ACC]] inhibits the amygdala (or [[FFFF]] mechanism)<ref>[http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.126.1555&rep=rep1&type=pdf Amit Etkin, Tobias Egner, Daniel M. Peraza, Eric R. Kandel and Joy Hirsch, Resolving Emotional Conflict: A Role for the Rostral Anterior Cingulate Cortex in Modulating Activity in the Amygdala, Neuron 51, 1–12, September 7, 2006]</ref>. This is strengthing by the findings that in panic disorder, the volume of the the ACC is reduced, <ref>[https://www.slicer.org/slicerWeb/images/2/2c/Asami-PsychiatryClinNeurosci2008.pdf Takeshi et al., Anterior cingulate cortex volume reduction in patients with panic disorder, Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 2008; 62: 322–330]</ref> . When the ACC (ACcd) has deficient in activation, there seem to be more impolsivity in ADHD compered to control group<ref>[http://faculty-web.at.northwestern.edu/speech/booth/james/neuropsychology/AttentionArticles/BushFrazier.1999.pdf low ACcd activity and ADHD impulsivity, 1999]</ref>. When anticipating pain, women domnstrate more activation of the ACC<ref>[http://ukpmc.ac.uk/abstract/MED/16012355/reload=0;jsessionid=fBlS5IiTyyjXq46t6m68.12 Gender difrences in ACC before pain, 2005]</ref>.  
  
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==Further readings==
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* An article in a book about [http://web.uvic.ca/~lccl/sites/default/files/2011_HolroydYeung.pdf theories on the functions of dorsal ACC (2011)].
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* [http://www.princeton.edu/~matthewb/Publications/BotvinickCohenCarter2004.pdf A Research on ACC and conflicit resolution (2004)]. A paper on * [http://brain.oxfordjournals.org/content/125/2/310.full.pdf A paper on ACC and atteintion defliction on pain (2002)].
  
An article in a book about [http://web.uvic.ca/~lccl/sites/default/files/2011_HolroydYeung.pdf theories on the functions of dorsal ACC (2011)]. [http://www.princeton.edu/~matthewb/Publications/BotvinickCohenCarter2004.pdf A Research on ACC and conflicit resolution (2004)].
 
  
 
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==Other close areas==
===Other close areas===
 
 
*  Theory of cognitive dissonance<ref>Festinger, L. (1957). A theory ofcognitive dissonance. Evanston, IL: Row, Peterson</ref>
 
*  Theory of cognitive dissonance<ref>Festinger, L. (1957). A theory ofcognitive dissonance. Evanston, IL: Row, Peterson</ref>
  

Revision as of 01:47, 2 September 2012


The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is the frontal part of the cingulate cortex, that resembles a "collar" form around the corpus callosum, the fibrous bundle that relays neural signals between the right and left cerebral hemispheres of the brain. It consists of Brodmann areas 24, 32 and 33. It appears to play a role in a wide variety of autonomic functions, such as regulating blood pressure and heart rate, as well as rational cognitive functions, such as reward anticipation, decision making, empathy[1] and emotion.[2][3]

In decision making it is thought to detect conflicts between two deductions[4][5] and evaluating the rewards of actions[6]. On the integration of these finding please read this article.

Medial surface of left cerebral hemisphere, with anterior cingulate highlighted.
Medial surface of left cerebral hemisphere, with anterior cingulate highlighted.


In order to resolve an emotional conflict the rostalACC inhibits the amygdala (or FFFF mechanism)[7]. This is strengthing by the findings that in panic disorder, the volume of the the ACC is reduced, [8] . When the ACC (ACcd) has deficient in activation, there seem to be more impolsivity in ADHD compered to control group[9]. When anticipating pain, women domnstrate more activation of the ACC[10].

Further readings


Other close areas

  • Theory of cognitive dissonance[11]

References