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[[rACC]] is rostral [[ACC]]
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Also called ventral [[ACC]]
  
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It is thought that rostral ACC id involved in emotional processing<ref>Bush G, Luu P & Posner MI, Cognotve and emotional influances in the anterior cingulate cotrex, Trends. Cogn. Sci. 4, 215-222 (2000)</ref>. Sadness enhances the experience of pain via neural [[ACC|activation in the anterior cingulate cortex]] and [[amygdala]]<ref>[ http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811909012658Atsou et al., Sadness enhances the experience of pain via neural activation in the anteriorcingulatecortex and amygdala: An fMRI study, 2009]</ref>.The Rostral Anterior Cingulate Cortex Modulates the Efficiency of Amygdala-Dependent Fear Learning<ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2880388/ Bissieree et al., The Rostral Anterior Cingulate Cortex Modulates the Efficiency of Amygdala-Dependent Fear Learning, 2008]</ref>.
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It seems that rostral ACC is in the side of the critique<ref>Etkin et al., Emotional processing in anterior cingulate and medial prefrontal cortex, 2011</ref> and have negative feedback on selection of actions. it is highly active in depression<ref>Wagner G, Sinsel E, Sobanski T, et al. Cortical inefficiency in patients with unipolar depression: an event-related FMRI study with the Stroop task. ''Biol Psychiatry'' 2006;59:958-65.</ref>. rACC is correlated with error detection<ref>[http://www.pnas.org/content/102/43/15700.full Polli et al, Rostral and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex make dissociable contributions during antisaccade error commission]</ref><ref>[http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1469-8986.3720216/abstract Kiehl et al, Error processing and the rostral anterior cingulate: An event-related fMRI study, 2000]</ref>. It is used in emotional conflicts<ref>[http://www.cell.com/neuron/abstract/S0896-6273(06)00626-X Etkin A et al.,Resolving Emotional Conflict: A Role for the Rostral Anterior Cingulate Cortex in Modulating Activity in the Amygdala, Neuron, Volume 51, Issue 6, 871-882, 21 September 2006]</ref> but not with neutral conflicts<ref>[http://www.researchgate.net/publication/227853968_Impaired_Conflict_Adaptation_in_an_Emotional_Task_Context_following_Rostral_Anterior_Cingulate_Cortex_Lesions_in_Humans/file/79e414fe432dd9ea2d.pdf Martin E. Maier, Impaired Conflict Adaptation in an Emotional Task Context following Rostral Anterior Cingulate Cortex Lesions in Humans, 2012]</ref><ref>Egner  T;  Etkin  A;  Gale  S;  Hirsch  J:  Dissociable neural systems resolve conflict from emotional versus nonemotional distracters.  Cereb Cortex  2008; 18:1475—1484</ref><ref>Etkin  A;  Egner  T;  Peraza  DM;  Kandel  ER;  Hirsch  J:  Resolving emotional conflict: a role for the rostral anterior cingulate cortex in modulating activity in the amygdala.  Neuron  2006; 51:871—882</ref>.
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rACC is negatively correlated with [[amygdala]] activity in conflict resolution tasks. it is suggested that the rACC down-regulate the amygdala<ref>[http://www.cell.com/neuron/retrieve/pii/S089662730600626X Etkin, A et al. Resolving Emotional Conflict: A Role for the Rostral Anterior Cingulate Cortex in Modulating Activity in the Amygdala, 2006]</ref>. (And may reduce [[anger]] or [[anxiety]]?)
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rACC is correlated to [[motivation]]<ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3044650/#R2</ref><ref>Todorov, Alexander, Susan Fiske, and Deborah Prentice, eds. Social neuroscience: Toward understanding the underpinnings of the social mind. Oxford Scholarship Online, 2010.‏</ref>.
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==References==
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<references/>
 
[[category: brain regions]]
 
[[category: brain regions]]

Latest revision as of 11:57, 31 December 2014

Also called ventral ACC

It is thought that rostral ACC id involved in emotional processing[1]. Sadness enhances the experience of pain via neural activation in the anterior cingulate cortex and amygdala[2].The Rostral Anterior Cingulate Cortex Modulates the Efficiency of Amygdala-Dependent Fear Learning[3].

It seems that rostral ACC is in the side of the critique[4] and have negative feedback on selection of actions. it is highly active in depression[5]. rACC is correlated with error detection[6][7]. It is used in emotional conflicts[8] but not with neutral conflicts[9][10][11].

rACC is negatively correlated with amygdala activity in conflict resolution tasks. it is suggested that the rACC down-regulate the amygdala[12]. (And may reduce anger or anxiety?)

rACC is correlated to motivation[13][14].


References

  1. Bush G, Luu P & Posner MI, Cognotve and emotional influances in the anterior cingulate cotrex, Trends. Cogn. Sci. 4, 215-222 (2000)
  2. [ http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811909012658Atsou et al., Sadness enhances the experience of pain via neural activation in the anteriorcingulatecortex and amygdala: An fMRI study, 2009]
  3. Bissieree et al., The Rostral Anterior Cingulate Cortex Modulates the Efficiency of Amygdala-Dependent Fear Learning, 2008
  4. Etkin et al., Emotional processing in anterior cingulate and medial prefrontal cortex, 2011
  5. Wagner G, Sinsel E, Sobanski T, et al. Cortical inefficiency in patients with unipolar depression: an event-related FMRI study with the Stroop task. Biol Psychiatry 2006;59:958-65.
  6. Polli et al, Rostral and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex make dissociable contributions during antisaccade error commission
  7. Kiehl et al, Error processing and the rostral anterior cingulate: An event-related fMRI study, 2000
  8. Etkin A et al.,Resolving Emotional Conflict: A Role for the Rostral Anterior Cingulate Cortex in Modulating Activity in the Amygdala, Neuron, Volume 51, Issue 6, 871-882, 21 September 2006
  9. Martin E. Maier, Impaired Conflict Adaptation in an Emotional Task Context following Rostral Anterior Cingulate Cortex Lesions in Humans, 2012
  10. Egner T; Etkin A; Gale S; Hirsch J: Dissociable neural systems resolve conflict from emotional versus nonemotional distracters. Cereb Cortex 2008; 18:1475—1484
  11. Etkin A; Egner T; Peraza DM; Kandel ER; Hirsch J: Resolving emotional conflict: a role for the rostral anterior cingulate cortex in modulating activity in the amygdala. Neuron 2006; 51:871—882
  12. Etkin, A et al. Resolving Emotional Conflict: A Role for the Rostral Anterior Cingulate Cortex in Modulating Activity in the Amygdala, 2006
  13. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3044650/#R2
  14. Todorov, Alexander, Susan Fiske, and Deborah Prentice, eds. Social neuroscience: Toward understanding the underpinnings of the social mind. Oxford Scholarship Online, 2010.‏