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→Brain Research
Sadness enhances the experience of pain via neural [[ACC|activation in the anterior cingulate cortex]] and amygdala<ref>[ http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811909012658Atsou et al., Sadness enhances the experience of pain via neural activation in the anteriorcingulatecortex and amygdala: An fMRI study, 2009]</ref>.The Rostral Anterior Cingulate Cortex Modulates the Efficiency of Amygdala-Dependent Fear Learning<ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2880388/ Bissieree et al., The Rostral Anterior Cingulate Cortex Modulates the Efficiency of Amygdala-Dependent Fear Learning, 2008]</ref>.
Learning is induced because of surprise. The d[[ACC]] is concerned more with attention and motor control processes involved in behavioral adjustment. The dopamine [[RPE]] system is the process from which a learning is happening<ref>Benjamin Y. Hayden1,2, Sarah R. Heilbronner, John M. Pearson, and Michael L. Platt, Surprise Signals in Anterior Cingulate Cortex: Neuronal Encoding of Unsigned Reward Prediction Errors Driving Adjustment in Behavior, ''The Journal of Neuroscience'', 16 March 2011, 31(11): 4178-4187</ref>.
==Further readings==