Changes

For review look at<ref>[http://www.la1.psu.edu/cas/jgastil/pdfs/MeasuringGroupDeliberation.pdf Black, Laura W., et al. "Methods for analyzing and measuring group deliberation." Sourcebook of political communication research: Methods, measures, and analytical techniques (2011): 323-345.]‏</ref> ''Micro-analytic'' approaches study the quality of deliberation through closely analyzing the content of participants’ comments during the deliberative process. The ''macro-analytic'' approach, in turn, asks coders to make summary judgments of the discussion as a whole. Studies using ''direct measures'' focus on the actual process of deliberation, while studies using ''indirect measures'' assess deliberation based on either antecedents (for instance, by measuring the extent to which conditions necessary for deliberation are met) or outcomes of the discussion (for example, by measuring post-deliberation changes in participants.’ preferences).  ====Direct and Micro-analytic===='''DQI''': Measuring Political Deliberation: A Discourse Quality Index (2003), based on Habermas theories<ref>[http://content.csbs.utah.edu/~burbank/steenbergen2003.pdf Steenbergen, Marco R., et al. "Measuring political deliberation: a discourse quality index." Comparative European Politics 1.1 (2003): 21-48].‏</ref>.