Elements in deliberation

Elements in deliberation are elemnts that influance the outcome of deliberation. They interact with each other to change the results of deliberation.

Participation

Socioeconomic status and participation

Some research showed that there is a positive corroloation between participation and socialeconomic status^[1]. Others show small corroloation between status and SE^[2]. Lindell found that the SE has modrate influance on participation. They found that in the top of SE people tended to participate less^[3]^[4].

Age and Participation

Lindell, Karjalainen and Rapeli found that people at the at their 30th to their 50th, tennd to particpate less^[5]^[6], probably because of lack of time, due to the intensety of theis period in life.

The size of the society and Participation

The larger the citizen body, the smaller the participation (according to Participation function and rational ignourence^[7]). This is supported by Dahn on municipalty participating in voting^[8]. The reason that citizens gave was the feeling of lack of influance^[9]

Communication Elements

The oreder of talking

Synchronic or a synchronic

Social Queues information carried by the meduim

People needs social information, like body language, intonations and facial expressions to better understand each other. The more the medium can transfer social information, the better and faster the mutual understanding will be.Higher social queues can also elevate trust between participents^[10]. Therefore face to face meetings will be better from video conferences and video conferences will be better the teleconferences, and they will be better than emails (emails will have an advantage in deliberation, because all the formers were synchronous mediums which slow down the pace of group talks, while emails are a synchronous).

Summery:

The more social queues a medium can carry
- The better and faster participants will understand each other.
- Higher social queues can also elevate trust between participents

Groups Size Elements

Summery:

The larger the group is:
- The less time there is for indeviduals in synchronous mediums to give their opnions.
- In a-sychronous medium there is less times to read each participent opinion.
- The more potential wisdom there is in a group.
- The harder it is to create SON.

Epistemic Elements

Priming

Priming helps participants to find related ideas and converge into agreed solution, while it may reduce the diversity of opinions.

Questions

RPE

Inter Perspective

Inter perspective promte wider undestanding. It helps to better undestand minorities and promote the RPE and Curiosty in some participents (usualy more liberals), while creating stress in others that may have high need for order and who do not like to explore.

Focal Point

In every phase of deliberation, different focal point is needed.

Focus on mutual undersanding

Focus on Social Objects

Focus on social objects can elevate understanding. In a synchronous medium, deliberation about Social Object can elevate their accuracy, and let millions talk simultaneously. Wikipedia and Google are such cases.

Focus on results

Understanding

In deliberation we need to find ways to elvate the understanding of participents. Graphic represntation, mutual questioning and story-telling are some of these ways.

Story Telling

Most people tend to best understand and remember by hearing stories. Story telling help participents better engage the topics in deliberation.

SON

Creating SON

Depth of SON

How to bridge the laymen-experts gap?

Corroboaration of the SON