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<p style="font-size: 200%;  line-height: 1.3">''Deliberative Democracy''</p>
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<p style="font-size: 200%;  line-height: 1.3">''On Deliberation</p>
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<p style="font-size: 125%;  line-height: 1.3">Theories of Knowledge, Psychology, Deliberation and Government</p>
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<p style="font-size: 125%;  line-height: 1.3">Theory and Practice in Deliberative Democracy</p>
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<p style="font-size: 125%;  line-height: 1.3">By [[User:WinSysop|Tal Yaron]]</p>
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<p style="font-size: 170%;  line-height: 1.5">By [[user:WinSysop|Tal Yaron]]</p>
 
<br>
 
<br>
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===Our Mission===
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The objective of this wiki-paper is to foster a culture that embraces the principles of deliberation and democratic decision-making while also advancing the corresponding methodologies and technologies. In pursuit of this mission, we are formulating a comprehensive theory of deliberative democracy. This theory draws on insights from various interdisciplinary fields, including [[Epistemology|philosophy]], neuroscience, and the extensive literature on deliberative democracy within the social sciences.
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<br>
 
<br>
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<p>'''Editing & Contributions''': If you want to help editing or writing in this wiki, please contact tal dot yaron at gmail dot com.</p>
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__TOC__
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==Introduction==
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Deliberative democracy is a democratic approach that places citizen deliberation at its core, emphasizing broad public involvement in decision-making processes. It champions the idea that all citizens should have an equal voice and influence in shaping public solutions, regardless of their level of expertise on the subject. This principle stems from the recognition that each citizen has a stake in public decisions, which can profoundly impact their lives.
 +
 +
However, the challenge arises when attempting to include every citizen in the deliberative process, as it can lead to lengthy and unwieldy meetings. Many individuals aspire to contribute their perspectives, propose unique solutions, or critique existing ideas. While noble in principle, this equal deliberation can become a laborious and time-consuming endeavor. For instance, granting each resident an equal say in a small town could extend deliberations for years. As the decision-making body expands, so does the time and energy required to reach an equitable decision. Unfortunately, this protracted process can deter participation, ultimately undermining the goal of equal deliberation.
 +
 +
To uphold the ideals of equal deliberation while streamlining the process to accommodate larger populations, it is imperative to gain a deeper understanding of how deliberation functions, including its constituent elements and their interactions. By comprehending these dynamics, we can propose more efficient methods for public deliberation and even develop innovative applications to facilitate the engagement of extensive citizen groups in public decision-making.
 +
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On this website, we will present a comprehensive theory that elucidates the critical elements of deliberation and how they interact. Subsequently, we will scrutinize prevalent deliberation practices through the lens of this theory. Finally, we will outline a roadmap for the future of deliberative democracy and develop applications designed to enhance the deliberative process. Our current project, [http://delib-5.web.app delib-5], is an example of this initiative, and its source code is available [https://github.com/talyaron/delib-5-p here].
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==The Challenges==
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The deliberation process is fraught with substantial challenges, as it necessitates the meaningful engagement of diverse individuals in decision-making, all while meticulously accounting for each unique perspective. This chapter delves into the intricacies of these challenges.
 +
 +
===Definition of deliberation===
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Deliberation is an [[organization|organizational]] collaborative decision-making process aiming at finding the organization's [[optimal course of action]] which will result in the best outcomes for the [[stakeholders]], using minimal resources of the organization. In deliberation, all members of the organization are considered equal, all relevant information is taken into account, and the information is validated (see more on [[Values of deliberative-democracy]]).
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[[Deliberation|Read more...]]
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===Values of Deliberation===
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Within a democratic framework, the foundational principle lies in the equality of all citizens, where each individual's rights and needs are accorded equal significance in the eyes of the democratic decision-making apparatus. To effectively address the diverse needs and concerns of all citizens within this decision-making context, scholars of deliberative democracy have put forth a set of core values that deliberators should adhere to in their deliberative endeavors.
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[[Values of deliberative-democracy|Read more...]]
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=== Personal Criterion for selecting options ===
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In choosing among competing alternatives, it becomes imperative to establish a framework for assessing and distinguishing superior solutions from inferior ones. This chapter undertakes the exploration of criteria employed by participants in the determination of the most favorable solution.
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[[Personal Optimising ROI Selection Criterion]] (GPORSC)
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===Deliberation-action cycle===
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Although a valuable framework, deliberation does not guarantee foolproof outcomes in the quest for optimal solutions. In this chapter, we put forward a proposal aimed at enhancing the caliber of solutions put forth and chosen by participants.
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[[deliberation-action cycle]]
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==The Elements==
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To successfully understand deliberation, we suggest that we first have to understand the elements of decision making. The elements are divided into several areas. The first area is the area of cognitive elements, which are the elements that interact in the brain to facilitate a decision. Next is the area of the group in decision making - which elements are crucial for decision making in groups.  Then comes the area of communication medium. In this area, we will describe the elements that influence the transformation of information between the group members. In the next areas, we will deal with the psychological, sociological and organizational elements.
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===The epistemic elements of decision making===
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Every deliberation Is based on knowledge. Usually, participants don't possess the same body of knowledge and may defer by their worldviews. Therefore understanding how knowledge is built, Is essential for creating a coherent knowledge base for all participants. In this section, we will describe how knowledge is built, and how to corroborate it.
  
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{|style="color:white; background-color:blue;" cellpadding="5" class="wikitable" width="70%"
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[[The epistemic elements of decision making|Read more...]]
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[[File:English flag.png|framless|left|40px]]
 
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This site was written by a non-English speaking writer. Any help in improving the readbility will be much appreciated.[[User:WinSysop|Tal Yaron]] 02:19, 30 December 2012 (IST)
 
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===The Logical elements of decision making===
  
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Deliberation may be the most important field of research humankind will engage in the 21th century. Deliberation is so important, because every group of people as small as a group composed of two people, like a couple, to groups so large that they consisting billions, like China and India, needs to find solution that will help their members prosper. To prosper, all groups have to arrive at the best solutions available in their current situation. Deliberation is a field of research that engages the ways people can work together in pursuit of the best solution. If we will understand how to promote together the best solution through agreements, we will find ways to bring prosperity to wider population, and may also bring more peace among ourselves.
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The basic entities of decision making in a group, are her members. Every member that takes part in the decision, uses a cognitive process to gather information and make a decision. So, the first step in understanding deliberation is to describe these personal cognitive elements that members are using to make their decisions. When we will understand the personal cognitive elements, we will be able to start to understand the more complex interaction between the members.  
  
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From the start of civilization until our days, decisions for a group were put at the hands of a small groups of decision makers. Although this method had helped create our mega to giga groups, it provided these small groups that are positioned near the center of decision making process, an abounded resources and wealth, while leaving the other members in the outer circles with much less resources. In modern representative democracy, the size of the groups of decision makers become bigger than those of the old monarchies, thus promoting more equality, and more wisdom into the decision making process. Bringing more people into the decision making circles made the groups wiser and more legitimate by their people, thus making them much stronger then monarchies. This may be one of the main causes for the triumph of democracies over tyrannies in the 20th century.  
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[[The cognitive elements of decision making|read more...]]
  
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In the 21th century a technology, named "the internet" was introduced. In theory this innovation, can help every citizen participate in his group's decision making process. But this is just a potential. We do not yet know enough about decision making process, to build tools and methods to bring good decisions within large scale groups. When we will know how to build such tools and methods, we will be able to give any citizen an equal opportunity to contribute his knowledge and needs to the overall process of decision making which will help all of us, no matter our what is our social status or gender or any other discriminating factors, to contribute to the welfare of us all, and to produce much more informed and wise solution, through the wisdom of the multitudes.
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===Neuropsychology Elements in decision making===
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Decsions are conducted in a "logical" the manner through [[the cognitive elements of decision making]]. Yet this "logical" thinking is mostly not common. usually people are influenced by an "illogical" ways of thinking. scientists from several disciplines were able to describe these "illogical" ways of thinking, and some of the neural and cognitive mechanism that produce the "illogical" thinking.
  
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We are in our way to actualize these systems and methods. Throughout the world, people are working to find solutions to this challenge, and tools are being built.
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[[neuropsychology elements in decision making|Read more]]
  
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This site is an attempt to contribute to the global effort to understand how people decide, and how we can bring the wisdom of the multitude to the decision making process. It is based on research and experience done by scientists and practitioners in fields that relates to decision making and deliberation.
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===Psychological Elements in decision making===
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[[Psychological elements in decision making]]
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===Group Elements in Decision Making===
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Every deliberation takes place in the context of a group. The group settings and properties may have a large influence on the psychology of the members and the outcome of deliberation. Also, during deliberation, the group may change, as different stakeholders find interest in the decision making. Understanding the factors that within the group and between the group and other groups, is essential to understand mastering of deliberation.
  
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Let us all embrace ourselves for the quest for reveling ways for ''wise decision making by the multitudes'''.
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[[The group in decision making|Read more]]
  
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==Goals of this Wiki==
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===Medium Elements in Decision Making===
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The Medium which the group is using may have great influence on the deliberative process. For instance, synchronic medium may allow only one participant at a time talk, thus prolonging the time needed for deliberation exponentially as the number of equal participants grow. On the other hand, a-synchronic medium may allow simultaneity of information send and receiving, and thus, reduce the time needed for deliberation. In this chapter we will talk about the effect of the medium on deliberation.
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This wiki is designed to be the base for a coherent set of theories for understanding and developing deliberative Democracy. It will be home for different aspects of deliberative society, ranging from [[epistemology]], individual [[psychology]], [[education]], [[learning]], individual growth, and to the understanding of [[groups dynamics]], [[deliberation]], [[decision making]], [[Government]] and international relationships.
 
  
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It will be based on [[scientific research]], [http://participedia.net evidential exprience] and [[epistemology]].
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[[medium in decision making|Read more]]
  
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==What is Deliberation?==
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===Organizational Elements in Decision Making===
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Deliberation is a process of thoughtfully weighing options before making a decision, within the context of a group.
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[[Organizations in Decision Making]]
  
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==Why Using Deliberation?==
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==Processes==
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The last several decades have seen growing agreement among political theorists and empirical political scientists that the legitimacy of a democracy depends in part on the quality of deliberation that informs citizens and their representatives<ref>Parkinson, J., & Mansbridge, J. (Eds.). (2012). Deliberative Systems: Deliberative Democracy at the Large Scale (p. 204). Cambridge University Press. p. 1</ref>. By improving deliberation process we improve democracy, and let more players participate in an efficient and more representing political decision making.
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[[General process of deliberation]]
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===Face To Face===
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====Personal Decision Making====
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[[system 1|system 1 decision making]]
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====Group Deliberation====
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[[Methods in deliberative democracy]]
  
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Deliberation is a method of thinking on problems together, and finding solutions that will be optimal for the participants in the process. Deliberation is a very old practice, used by groups of governing bodies, to settle contradicting needs and desires, and to achieve a peaceful way to advance together.
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===Technologies of Deliberation===
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[[Technologies for deliberation]]
  
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==A Little Bit More About Deliberation==  
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==Concerns==
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Humans tend to join into coalitions, and coordinate among themselves. Every gathering of people, is also a gathering of different wishes and needs, and some time these needs and wishes are in contradiction to one another. There are many ways to overcome these contradictions. wise leadership, is a leadership that knows how to bring all these wills into coordinate operation. But as the group grows, and the surroundings become more demanding, the coordination of the group become more and more difficult. Through history, many methods were developed, to drive group. Some times the main power that held groups together, was share power of the leadership, some times it was a shared narratives or ethos. But as democracy grow, the need for less power and more legitimate solutions was felt. In this area of time, when the internet ripe apart "narratives" and people are creating large groups, without the elites presiding over the adhesion making process, a true and effective for gathering the contradicting wills to a cooperative movement which will enable nations and states, find solutions that will benefits the multitude. Deliberation is one of these methods, based on mutual understanding and decision making, through discussions with multitude of participants.
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Digital deliberative democracy can be hacked by foreign governments<ref>[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10361146.2021.2023093?scroll=top&needAccess=true Dowling, M.-E. (2022). Foreign interference and digital democracy: is digital era governance putting Australia at risk? <i>Australian Journal of Political Science</i>, <i>0</i>(0), 1–16.]</ref>.
  
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==Contact==
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==See Also==
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<p style="font-size: 110%;  line-height: 1.3">Our [http://delib-democracy.org/blog Blog] and our [http://twitter.com/OnDeliberation Twitter]</p>
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[[old main page]]
  
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Notification: Due to spam, we have to approve each editor indevidually. If you want to edit, please contact tal.yaron+wiki at gmail.
 
 
==References==
 
==References==
 
<references/>
 
<references/>
  
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[[category: General]]
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[[category: general]]
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[[category: deliberation]]
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[[category:framework]]

Latest revision as of 08:26, 2 June 2024

On Deliberation

Theory and Practice in Deliberative Democracy

By Tal Yaron


Our Mission

The objective of this wiki-paper is to foster a culture that embraces the principles of deliberation and democratic decision-making while also advancing the corresponding methodologies and technologies. In pursuit of this mission, we are formulating a comprehensive theory of deliberative democracy. This theory draws on insights from various interdisciplinary fields, including philosophy, neuroscience, and the extensive literature on deliberative democracy within the social sciences.


Editing & Contributions: If you want to help editing or writing in this wiki, please contact tal dot yaron at gmail dot com.

Introduction

Deliberative democracy is a democratic approach that places citizen deliberation at its core, emphasizing broad public involvement in decision-making processes. It champions the idea that all citizens should have an equal voice and influence in shaping public solutions, regardless of their level of expertise on the subject. This principle stems from the recognition that each citizen has a stake in public decisions, which can profoundly impact their lives.

However, the challenge arises when attempting to include every citizen in the deliberative process, as it can lead to lengthy and unwieldy meetings. Many individuals aspire to contribute their perspectives, propose unique solutions, or critique existing ideas. While noble in principle, this equal deliberation can become a laborious and time-consuming endeavor. For instance, granting each resident an equal say in a small town could extend deliberations for years. As the decision-making body expands, so does the time and energy required to reach an equitable decision. Unfortunately, this protracted process can deter participation, ultimately undermining the goal of equal deliberation.

To uphold the ideals of equal deliberation while streamlining the process to accommodate larger populations, it is imperative to gain a deeper understanding of how deliberation functions, including its constituent elements and their interactions. By comprehending these dynamics, we can propose more efficient methods for public deliberation and even develop innovative applications to facilitate the engagement of extensive citizen groups in public decision-making.

On this website, we will present a comprehensive theory that elucidates the critical elements of deliberation and how they interact. Subsequently, we will scrutinize prevalent deliberation practices through the lens of this theory. Finally, we will outline a roadmap for the future of deliberative democracy and develop applications designed to enhance the deliberative process. Our current project, delib-5, is an example of this initiative, and its source code is available here.

The Challenges

The deliberation process is fraught with substantial challenges, as it necessitates the meaningful engagement of diverse individuals in decision-making, all while meticulously accounting for each unique perspective. This chapter delves into the intricacies of these challenges.

Definition of deliberation

Deliberation is an organizational collaborative decision-making process aiming at finding the organization's optimal course of action which will result in the best outcomes for the stakeholders, using minimal resources of the organization. In deliberation, all members of the organization are considered equal, all relevant information is taken into account, and the information is validated (see more on Values of deliberative-democracy).

Read more...

Values of Deliberation

Within a democratic framework, the foundational principle lies in the equality of all citizens, where each individual's rights and needs are accorded equal significance in the eyes of the democratic decision-making apparatus. To effectively address the diverse needs and concerns of all citizens within this decision-making context, scholars of deliberative democracy have put forth a set of core values that deliberators should adhere to in their deliberative endeavors.

Read more...

Personal Criterion for selecting options

In choosing among competing alternatives, it becomes imperative to establish a framework for assessing and distinguishing superior solutions from inferior ones. This chapter undertakes the exploration of criteria employed by participants in the determination of the most favorable solution. Personal Optimising ROI Selection Criterion (GPORSC)

Deliberation-action cycle

Although a valuable framework, deliberation does not guarantee foolproof outcomes in the quest for optimal solutions. In this chapter, we put forward a proposal aimed at enhancing the caliber of solutions put forth and chosen by participants.

deliberation-action cycle

The Elements

To successfully understand deliberation, we suggest that we first have to understand the elements of decision making. The elements are divided into several areas. The first area is the area of cognitive elements, which are the elements that interact in the brain to facilitate a decision. Next is the area of the group in decision making - which elements are crucial for decision making in groups. Then comes the area of communication medium. In this area, we will describe the elements that influence the transformation of information between the group members. In the next areas, we will deal with the psychological, sociological and organizational elements.

The epistemic elements of decision making

Every deliberation Is based on knowledge. Usually, participants don't possess the same body of knowledge and may defer by their worldviews. Therefore understanding how knowledge is built, Is essential for creating a coherent knowledge base for all participants. In this section, we will describe how knowledge is built, and how to corroborate it.

Read more...

The Logical elements of decision making

The basic entities of decision making in a group, are her members. Every member that takes part in the decision, uses a cognitive process to gather information and make a decision. So, the first step in understanding deliberation is to describe these personal cognitive elements that members are using to make their decisions. When we will understand the personal cognitive elements, we will be able to start to understand the more complex interaction between the members.

read more...

Neuropsychology Elements in decision making

Decsions are conducted in a "logical" the manner through the cognitive elements of decision making. Yet this "logical" thinking is mostly not common. usually people are influenced by an "illogical" ways of thinking. scientists from several disciplines were able to describe these "illogical" ways of thinking, and some of the neural and cognitive mechanism that produce the "illogical" thinking.

Read more

Psychological Elements in decision making

Psychological elements in decision making

Group Elements in Decision Making

Every deliberation takes place in the context of a group. The group settings and properties may have a large influence on the psychology of the members and the outcome of deliberation. Also, during deliberation, the group may change, as different stakeholders find interest in the decision making. Understanding the factors that within the group and between the group and other groups, is essential to understand mastering of deliberation.

Read more

Medium Elements in Decision Making

The Medium which the group is using may have great influence on the deliberative process. For instance, synchronic medium may allow only one participant at a time talk, thus prolonging the time needed for deliberation exponentially as the number of equal participants grow. On the other hand, a-synchronic medium may allow simultaneity of information send and receiving, and thus, reduce the time needed for deliberation. In this chapter we will talk about the effect of the medium on deliberation.

Read more

Organizational Elements in Decision Making

Organizations in Decision Making

Processes

General process of deliberation

Face To Face

Personal Decision Making

system 1 decision making

Group Deliberation

Methods in deliberative democracy

Technologies of Deliberation

Technologies for deliberation

Concerns

Digital deliberative democracy can be hacked by foreign governments[1].

See Also

old main page

References

  1. ↑ Dowling, M.-E. (2022). Foreign interference and digital democracy: is digital era governance putting Australia at risk? Australian Journal of Political Science, 0(0), 1–16.
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