View source for Wisdom of the Multitude

In some settings, the many can produce very smart solutions and knowledge. Today we know on two ways to achieve the wisdom of the multitude. One is the "''Mean of the answers''" and the other is synthesis, which is based on wise aggregation of the knowledge and ideas of the multitude. The well known way to synthesis the wisdom of the multitude is by "crowed sourcing", but there are other ways like using [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benevolent_Dictator_for_Life benevolent dictators] in open source communities<ref>[http://ondelib.wordpress.com/2012/10/03/synthesis/ Tal Yaron, Two ways to the wisdom of the multitude: Mean and Synthesis, 2012, ''On Deliberation Blog'']</ref>.

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In ancient Greece, the [[Athen's democracy|Atheinians]] had the idea that the many can be more able and wiser then the one. They in many aspects of their political life, they installed system of goverment that relied on decision by large publics. Thy have a consule 500 consulers (the Boule) and an a weekly assmbly more then 6000 citizens. and courts with 201 to 1501 jouries. As Aristotle put it, the many are beter the the one:

:"the many, who are not as individuals excellent men, nevertheless can, when they have
:come together, be better than the few best people, not individually but collectively,
:just as feasts to which many contribute are better than feasts provided at one person’s
:expense"<ref>Politics III, 11, 1281a41–1281b2 (1998): 83</ref>.

The notion of the wisdom of the multitude was lost, and then redescoverd by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Galton Francis Galton]<ref>[http://galton.org/essays/1900-1911/galton-1907-vox-populi.pdf?page=7 Galton, F. (1907). Vox Populi. Nature, 75(1949), 450–451. doi:10.1038/075450a0]</ref>. Galton accidently discovered this property, when he participated in a fair, in which the crowed was asked to estimate the wight of an ox. About 800 tickets were issued and after the end of the game, Galton had taken these tickets, and caculated the mean of the estimations. he found out the the mean of all estimations was very close to the real wight of the ox. The ox wighted 1207 lb (547.48 kg), where as the mean was 1198 lbs (543.40kg).

Another showed that the crowed that shifts his mind, due to experts, may cause bias, while the unmoved part is the more wise and accurate<ref>[http://arxiv.org/pdf/1406.7578 De Polavieja, G., & Madirolas, G. (2014). Wisdom of the Confident: Using Social Interactions to Eliminate the Bias in Wisdom of the Crowds. arXiv Preprint arXiv:1406.7578.]</ref>.


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[[category: deliberation]]