[[File:Lib-con summeryFor many of those who attempted to reach an agreement between liberals and conservatives on wide variety of issues, it seems that the gaps in understanding the situation between the parties is very hard to negotiate.JPG|200px|thumb|right|Overview The misunderstanding sometimes become an emotional issue, which result the raising of a wall of contempt that blocks any further path to mutual understanding. Thus, understanding the theory of differences between liberals and conservatives and liberals]] the grounds for the schism, may help find devising deliberative process which will support a better mutual understanding and even agreed decisions.

[[conservatism|Conservatism]] Recent research provides evidence that one important difference between liberals and [[liberalism|Liberalism]] in the context of deliberation conservatives is states of mind their basic moral intuitions. These studies suggest that create different reaction while liberals and conservatives respond similarly to deliberation. When people in considerations of harm/care and fairness (what Graham and Haidt call the state “individualizing” foundations), conservatives also respond strongly to considerations of mind of conservatism they usually will be less suspitable to adopt new ideasin-group, authority, they will be more planed-ction driven and somtimes more aggresive or fearfulpurity (the “binding” foundations) while liberals do not."<ref>[http://www. Conservatism is driving people to group more closelyprinceton. On a state edu/politics/about/file-repository/public/Wright-and-Baril-2011-The-Role-of liberalism-Cognitive-Resources.pdf Wright, people will be more ready to exam new ideasJ. C., and they will be less action driven& Baril, and they will be more friendly and cooperativeG. (2011). In liberalism stateThe role of cognitive resources in determining our moral intuitions: Are we all liberals at heart? Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 47(5), people tend to be more indevidualistic or to gather according to occisionaly sharing of intrests1007–1012.]</ref>

====The causes in the light of brain research====Liberals are more moved by harm then conservatives and much more then libertants (Fear and need for certaintysee Haidt, 2102, fits brain researchRighteous in mind p.212)... and show how it fits)

# Conservatives are more afraid<ref>[http://www.talyaron.com/wiki/index.php?title=Political_Attitudes_Vary_with_Physiological_TraitsIn conservative society,_science_2008 Political Attitudes Vary with Physiological Traits, science 2008]</ref>.# Conservatives have heightened sensitivity for detecting emotional faces there is a tendency to align according to legitimate theories and use emotion more effectively when campaigning. As the left face displays emotion more prominently<ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22567166 Thomas NA et alcustoms.People afraid to think differently, Right-wing politicians prefer the emotional leftotherwise they will be criticized heavily, 2012</ref># Liberals have higher [[ACC]] gray volume, where as conservatives have more [[amygdala]] volume<ref>Kanai R, Feilden T, Firth C, Rees G (2011) Political orientations are correlated enemies or as collaborators with brain structure in young adultsthe enemy. Curr Biol 21: 677–680.</ref>. ACC This is connected probably due to conflict resultion (rACC to social conflict the need for closure and dACC to non-social conflict). Reward valence modulates conflict-driven attentional adaptation in the ACC<ref>[http://bernhard-hommel.eu/Van%20Steenbergen%20et%20al.%20(2012).%20Reward%20valence%20modulates%20conflict-driven%20attentional%20adaptation.pdf van Steenbergen, Guido P.H. Band and Bernhard Hommel, Reward valence modulates conflict-driven attentional adaptation: Electrophysiological evidence, 2012]</ref># Mutation in dopamin receptor DRD4 and intra-subjective nurturing (measured by number feelings of friendships in adolescence) promote liberalism, where as on non-mutated people the intra-subjective do not change the political attitude<ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22282583 Settle JE et althreats., Friendships Moderate an Association Between a Dopamine Gene Variant and Political Ideology, 2011]</ref>

The story that can be toldObserved: Conservatives are more emotionaly responsiveDoron Tzur, and more afraid (More socially interacted?). liberals are more looking for conflict resultion under genetic DRD4 mutation, if they were nurtured in intra-subjective enviorment. They will be more active if they will be rewarded. Thus, Con will be more type II delibertives2013, where as Lib will be more type I deliberationprivate talks. but without seeking for novelty gene, people will not move to become liberals? (Or tere may be other factors driving to liberality) The majorety of the poppulation will not look for Type I delibaration? maybe we have to recognise it, and adjust accordingly? specialty, knoweing to muve the massge of deliberation through type II society? reducing fear? need for leadership?[[User:WinSysop|; Tal Yaron]] 11:33, 23 September 2012 (IST)establishing the forum in Kedumim 2007.

# Why fear inhibit learning?# The mechanism - Its understanding is still lacking.## High ACC activity as well as High ERN amplitude, create ''anxiety'' or ''depression'', thus highly sensitive to punishment Conservatives show more anger towards criminals<ref>see also Tucker et al.Fodor, Wick, Hartsen, 1999; Luu et al.& Preve, 20002008</ref>. ## Low ACC acitivity or Low ERN amplitude in punishment is correlated with low sociability. Normal socialty have same amplitude for punishment and rewardConservatives are more happey due to social conformation<ref>Dikman and Allen (2000)</ref>. # According to the mechanism#Cases of Learning## rACC### rACC hyperactivity: rACC hyperactive will enhance the pain and effort feeling, thus inhibit action. actions will be made only if it is vary safe (in the OPC), or may have aesy and sure outcomes. This will lead to need for very safe root to advance. No new information will be gained (no AD -[[REP]])Schlenker, thus lack of learning, or need to expreince new knowledgeBarry R. To achieve activity, need for angerJohn R...### rACC hypoactive thus create short term, premature activationChambers, no calculative actions. There is lack of ability to learn in the social sphere, thus a need for simple theories in social experience. In this case a leader with firm and simple solutions, will be thought to direct the goals effectivelyBonnie M. the Strength metaphor will prevailLe.### Normal activity of the rACC: this situation will cause evaluation of the pain and effort according to rewards. and will anable social learning. #### Social negative criticism: When a child will be brought up by negative feedback, he will be prefer doing only socially excepted acts. #### Social appraisals: When kid will be brought up in these conditions, we will except that he will be more ready to look for social conformity, or search on his own.#### Safe and holding bringing: ## During long actions, as people get to acknowledge that long efforts "Conservatives are rewardinghappier than liberals, there is no learning. If people will be stresses and will not let themselves a rest after each actionbut why? Political ideology, they will miss the learning phase. causing conservatism. It will happen to people that are stressed to work hard. Again, for work to be effectivepersonality, the work should be done on safe and established grounds.## Liberalism may be caused by dACC hypo-activity causing implosive actions on rational decisionslife satisfaction. On the "rational" thinking there may be lack of learning, but the premature actions will cause novelty seeking on social interactions, and learning? ## Liberals, may have need for over estimation Journal of their abilities, Research in order to make an effortPersonality 46. # Meaning - balance between rewards and inhibition, and learning and Long-Term learning 2 (DA2012): 127-146.## achieve this balance, to promote learning. [[RPE]] without stress will promote learning (Making an error, with appraisal, instead of negative feedback will encourage further learning. Yet, with pledge to achive goals, and not just "experience" thus promoting Decadence)‏</ref>

FFFF inhibits the ACC<ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2701368/pdf/nihms98729.pdf Tracy A. Dennis It seems that that r and Chao-Cheng Chenk strategies, Trait anxiety and conflict monitoring following threat: An ERP study, Psychophysiologyalso apply to breeding patterns in humane societies. 2009 January; 46(1): 122–131.]</ref><ref>Kristin A. Bussa, Tracy A. Dennisb, Rebecca J. Brookera, Lauren M. Sippela, An ERP study Liberal societies where there are plenty of conflict monitoring in 4–8-year old children: Associations with temperament, Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Volume 1, Issue 2, April 2011, Pages 131–140</ref>. In fear the rostral ACC is responding resources and life are safe tend to threat stimulis<ref>[http://bishoplab.berkeley.edu/bishopnn.pdf S Bishop, J Duncan, M Brett, AD Lawrence, Prefrontal cortical function and anxiety: controlling attention sustain a lower birth ratio compared to threat-related stimuli, Nature neuroscience, 2004]</ref>. and it take resources frome the dorsal ACC, that is responible for cognitive conflict resulotion<ref>19</ref><ref>31</ref><ref>g (Easterbrook, 1959; Hanoch & Vitouch,2004; Leith & Baumeister, 1996;Meinhardt & Pekrun, 2003; Wood, Mathews, & Dalgleish,2001)</ref>. The threat do not influance much in non-clinicla groups<ref>13conservative societies, 29</ref>. but can be observed in clinical populations<ref>32</ref>. In anxiaty, the main mechanism, is of attention distraction<ref>9, 19, 32</ref>.It which poverty is because of law rostral ACC acitivity (thus inability to concntrate) and reduced recurtment of laterl PFC (used for high control)<ref>[http://bishoplab.berkeley.edu/bishopnn.pdf S Bishop, J Duncan, M Brett, AD Lawrence, Prefrontal cortical function prevailing and anxiety: controlling attention to threat-related stimuli, Nature neuroscience, 2004]</ref>. It was found that in highy enxialty (in clinical population) the anxities showed less activation of the rosteral ACC, thus there life are less able to disengage from the fear cause, and thus elevate fear levelsprotected.

When rostral ACC it seems that such difrences in attitude, may help a group to adapt itself to change in an environment. The conservative value in which fairness is based on reciprocity and that hard work is needed for one to earn his living, can help encourage people to work hard in an environment where resources are scarce. On the other hand, in a state of abundance, where there is not activeplenty to go around, one there is no need to work hard to obtain resources. In this case people can not learnshare more resources.

Look also: ==high levels proposed causes of liberalism and conservatism=====Causes of conservatism===Some genes differ between conservatives and liberal<ref>[http://www.pnasresearchgate.orgnet/contentpublication/109228366891_A_Genome-Wide_Analysis_of_Liberal_and_Conservative_Political_Attitudes/36file/146813deec5164c67a34233.short PNAS lison survey pdf Hatemi, Peter K., et al. "A genome-wide analysis of liberal and conservative political attitudes." Journal of Politics 73.1 (20122011): 271-285.‏]</ref>, asspecialy genes related to [[NMDA]] and [[serotonin]].

====Suggested mechanism for Enviromental threat elvate conservatism=========Basic Mechanism=====explain mechanism:* FFFF -{ACCi -<ref> mostly system1;Duckitt, J., & Fisher, K. (2003). The Impact of Social Threat on Worldview and Ideological Attitudes. Political Psychology, 24(v1)** FFFF, 199–222. doi:10.1111/0162-895X.00322</ref> seratonin. For instance, [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/road->solidarity; (Paper 2010 and some others (v))* X(need -rail-transport/10884617/Middle-aged-professional-men-who-vote-Tory-most-likely-to do work)-{ACCi be-victims-of-road-> mainly system1; (learn dorsal ACC (?))* ACCa rage.html middle-> search for novelity (some reward) (learn Dorsal ACC +gene for novility Dopamin2) ([[RPE]aged, professional men who vote Tory most likely to be victims of road rage]), holy rod 2011.

Fear or Jost et al, did a very large survey on research about conservatism. They have found two main causes for conservatism. One is a reaction to a state of fear, and the other is a reaction to a need for to do work in limited time<ref>[http://faculty.virginia.edu/haidtlab/jost.glaser.political-conservatism-as-motivated-social-cog.pdf Jost, J., Glaser, J., Kruglanski, A., & Sulloway, F. J. (2003). Political Conservatism as Motivated Social Cognition. Psychological Bulletin, 129(3), 339–375.]</ref>. The idea that threat is causing people to bevcome more conservatives was further corroborated by an experiment that showed that under fear conditions, liberal students judge like conservative students<ref>[http://www.yorku.ca/ianmc/readings/NailMcGregorConservativeLiberalsJESP2009.pdf Nail, P. R., McGregor, I., Drinkwater, A. E., Steele, G. M., & Thompson, A. W. (2009). Threat causes liberals to think like conservatives. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 45(4), 901–907. doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2009.04.013]</ref> system1.

=====Advance Mechanism=====complex mechanism: areas of lib/con..... illiberals.This strength the idea that conservatives uses their self-regulation to be social? while the other say that implicit....

OKI think conservatives try to comply to society(system 1 and rACC.[[amygdala]]), we established theortical framewhile liberals try to comply to reason (system 2 and dACC/[[ACC]]).

====Discussion'''[http://tigger.uic.edu/~lskitka/styled-7/styled-16/index.html ideo-attribution effec]t''': Our current work in this area has been primarily focused on understanding the sources of what we call the “ideo-attribution effect, or What can we do?====If FFFF ” that is, the tendency for liberals and Certainty are conservatives to make different attributions for the cause causes of convarious social and personal problems. Specifically, then by changing themconservatives tend to attribute poverty, we can start change the settingscrime, so we can reduce ACC inhibition. When people get familierhomelessness, they are less stressed--> reduction of fear....foodAIDS, basic needs satisified...; certainty: I prime them by saingforeign aggression, we do not have and even obesity to causes internal to decide nowpersons, or it will not influance whereas liberals tend to attribute the future, or we do not have same phenomena more to solve anything.... or truth talk (avoid uncritical type II discusion), give yourself time...situational factors.

==Letriture review=====Charectristics of Lib-Con===Liberalism and conservatism (LibCon) This is a phrsae taken form the political scene, but it may apply probably due to commerce, fashion and other social attitudes. In commerce, liberals, or early adopters, are people who tend to buy the newest products, while conservatives look for well tested products, who are old-fashioned <ref>Rogers Everett M., 1962,Diffusion of Innovations, Free Press of Glencoe, Macmillan Company<[[amygdala]]/ref>. Although the phenomena is well known, It's characteristics are buffleing. A well known attempt to understand the phenomena was don by Lakoff[[Paper: Metaphor, Morality, rACC]] and Politics, Or, Why Conservatives Have Left Liberals In the Dust ,George Lakoff, 1995|the phenomena was done by Lakoff[[dACC]]<ref>[http://www.charlielawing.com/metaphor_and_politics.pdf Metaphortendencies, Morality, and Politics, Or, Why Conservatives Have Left Liberals In which causes the Dust ,George Lakoff, 1995]</ref>. Lakoff put liberals on the carring and empathic moral to engage more in situational causes and the conservatives on the strong moral, which divide the world to engage more in to good and evilsocietal reasons.

==The charectaristics causes in the light of conservatives<ref>[[Paper: Political Conservatism as Motivated Social Cognition, Jost et al. Psychological Bulletin, 2003, Vol. 129, No. 3, 339–375|Political Conservatism as Motivated Social Cognition, Jost et al. Psychological Bulletin, 2003, Vol. 129, No. 3, 339–375]]</ref>brain research==

===Causes Jost at al, summarizing a 50 years of Libresearch on the causes of conservatism had suggested that the two main casus of conservatism are fear and a feel of urgent<ref>[http://faculty.virginia.edu/haidtlab/jost.glaser.political-conservatism-as-motivated-social-cog.pdf Jost, J., Glaser, J., Kruglanski, A., & Sulloway, F. J. (2003). Political Conservatism as Motivated Social Cognition. Psychological Bulletin, 129(3), 339–375.]</ref>. These findings where partly supported by new evidences that comes from the emerging field of political-Con===brain research. These findings show that there are some differences in the way brains of conservatives and liberals work. People with chronic state of conservatism are characterized by smaller anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and enlarged amygdala<ref>[http://amodiolab.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/Jost-Amodio-2012.pdf Jost, J., & Amodio, D. (2012). Political ideology as motivated social cognition: Behavioral and neuroscientific evidence. Motiv Emot, 36, 55–64.]</ref> <ref>[http://blog.psico.edu.uy/cibpsi/files/2011/04/brains.pdf Kanai, R., Feilden, T., Firth, C., & Rees, G. (2011). Political orientations are correlated with brain structure in young adults. Current biology : CB, 21(8), 677–80. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2011.03.017]</ref>. The amygdala is involved social learning, and especially fear conditioning <ref>LeDoux, J. E. (1992). Brain mechanisms of emotion and emotional learning. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 2(2), 191–197. doi:10.1016/0959-4388(92)90011-9</ref><ref>LeDoux, J. (2004). The Emotional Brain, Fear, and the Amygdala. Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, 23(4-5), 727–738. doi:10.1023/A:1025048802629</ref>. People with larger amygdala volume correlates positively with both the size (the number of contacts a person has) and the social complexity (the number of different groups to which a person belongs)<ref>Bickart, K. C., Wright, C. I., Dautoff, R. J., Dickerson, B. C., & Barrett, L. F. (2011). Amygdala volume and social network size in humans. Nature neuroscience, 14(2), 163–4. doi:10.1038/nn.2724</ref>. The other implications of enlarged amygdala are that conservatives having enlarged amygdala will be more sensitive to threat<ref>[http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0052970 Schreiber, D., Simmons, A., Dawes, C., Flagan, T., Fowler H., J., & Paulus, M. (2009). Red Brain, Blue Brain: Evaluative Processes Differ in Democrats and Republicans.]</ref>. Conservatives detect threatening faces more easily, with less effort<ref>Giuseffi, K. (2012). Processing Facial Emotions: An EEG Study of the Differences between Conservatives and Liberals and Across Political Participation. University of Nebraska.</ref>. Conservatives are more easily disgusted than liberals<ref>Inbar, Y., Pizarro, D. A., & Bloom, P. (2009). Conservatives are more easily disgusted than liberals. Cognition and Emotion, 23(4), 714–725.</ref>. This may explain the finding that Individuals with measurably higher physical sensitivities to sudden noises and threatening visual images were more likely to support conservatives policies like defense spending, capital punishment, patriotism, and the Iraq War, whereas individuals displaying measurably lower physiological reactions to those same stimuli were more likely to favor liberals politics such as foreign aid, liberal immigration policies, pacifism, and gun control<ref>Oxley, D. R., Smith, K. B., Alford. John R., Hibbing, M. V., Miller, J. L., Scalora, M., Hatemi, P. K., et al. (2008). Political Attitudes Vary with Physiological Traits. Science, 321, 1667–1670.</ref>.

Conservatives On the other hand liberals seems to have lower ability to work in groups as Lakoff suggested (ref). He suggested that liberals should learn from conservatives how to make greater coalitions, but the reason liberals are more fearfulporrer preformers at social gathering may be due to brain tendency having lower volume of amygdala, which is involved in social learning. And indeed, while liberals are more calmtrusting but have smaller social networks, while conservatives find faster threatening facial emotion and have larger social networks<ref>[http://wwwVigil, J.sciencemagM.org/content/321/5896/1667(2010).full Political Attitudes Vary leanings vary with Physiological Traits, 2008facial expression processing and psychosocial functioning. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, Hibbing et al. Science] 13([http://www.talyaron.com/wiki/index.php?title=Political_Attitudes_Vary_with_Physiological_Traits5),_science_2008 Hebrew summery])</ref>547–558. Conservatives percives thetening faces as more threatning<ref>[httpdoi://precedings.nature10.com/documents/2414/version/1/files1177/npre20082414-1.pdf JM. Vigil (2008) Facial Expression Processing Varies with Political Affiliation, Nature]1368430209356930</ref>.

There is a connection between liberalism Having lower amygdala volume does not mean that liberals are not felling threat. They detect threat less easily and intelegencetherefore are more trusting, but when they do detect threat they react as conservatives<ref>[http://onlinelibraryNail, P. R., McGregor, I., Drinkwater, A. E., Steele, G. M., & Thompson, A. W. (2009). Threat causes liberals to think like conservatives.wileyJournal of Experimental Social Psychology, 45(4), 901–907.com/doi/:10.11111016/j.1467-9221jesp.20082009.0066804.x013</full The Secret Lives of Liberals and Conservatives: Personality Profilesref>. This may be explained by the finding that the Amygdala can be controlled by the ACC<ref>Etkin, Interaction StylesA., and the Things They Leave Behind Dana R. CarneyEgner, John T. Jost, Samuel Peraza, D. Gosling3M., Jeff Potter4Kandel, ''Political Psychology''E. R., Volume 29& Hirsch, Issue J. (2006). Resolving emotional conflict: a role for the rostral anterior cingulate cortex in modulating activity in the amygdala. Neuron, 51(6), pages 807–840, December 2008]871–882.</ref>. And as long as liberals do not recognize a threat they will be more engaged in learning through the ACC and it will suppress the amygdala, but when threat is recognized the ACC is turning-on the amygdala and more conservative style reactions will occur.

===self motivation for conservatism===conservatism can be caused by: * [[FFFF]]*Important of actions Some other research found that when engaging in risk conservatives handle risk with the right amygdala and time presure, which sustaning information can be too costlyliberals handle risk with the left insula<ref>[https://www.msu.edu/~pleskact/research/papers/op729_pleskac.pdf A Dynamic and Stochastic Theory of Choice, Response Time, and Confidence] ([http://wwwdx.talyaronplos.com/wikiorg/index10.php?title=מאמר:A_Dynamic_and_Stochastic_Theory_of_Choice,_Response_Time,_and_Confidence review in Hebrew])</ref><ref>A paper about time and change of attitude for learning<1371/ref><ref>[http://wwwjournal.googlepone.co.il/books?hl=iw&lr=&id=y2BFhu0lZfgC&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=time+decision+making&ots=eLyQCYrfwf&sig=mzP3YLD7qvhPejpQGxloCsU7IR4&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=time%20decision%20making&f=false Author0052970 Schreiber, 1990 , Time Pressure and Stress in Human Judgment and Decision Making]</ref><ref>*Jost, J. TD., KruglanskiSimmons, A. W., & SimonDawes, L. (1999)C. Effects of epistemic motivation on conservatism, intoleranceFlagan, and other system justifying attitudesT. In L, Fowler H. Thompson, DJ. M. Messick, & J. Paulus, M. Levine (Eds.2009), Shared cognition in organizations: The management of knowledge (pp.91–116). MahwahRed Brain, NJBlue Brain: ErlbaumEvaluative Processes Differ in Democrats and Republicans.]</ref><ref>Kruglanski, A. W., & Freund, T. (1983). The freezing and unfreezing of lay inferences: Effects of impressional primacy, ethnic stereotyping, left insula is involved in warmth and numerical anchoring. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 19,448–468.</ref>painful sensations<ref>ShahStephani, J. YC., Kruglanski, A. W., & Thompson, E. P. (1998). Membership has its (epistemic) rewards: Need for closure effects on inFernandez-group bias. Journal of Personality and Social PsychologyBaca Vaca, 75, 383–393G.</ref>** Ambiant noise (White noise)<ref>Kruglanski, A. W.Maciunas, & Webster, D. MR. (1996). Motivated closing of the mind: “Seizing” and “freezing.” Psychological Review, 103Koubeissi, 263–283.</ref>** Mental fatigue (Ego deplition)<ref>Webster, D. M., Richter, L., & KruglanskiLüders, AH. WO. (19962011). On leaping to conclusions when feeling tired: Mental fatigue effects on impressional primacy. Journal Functional neuroanatomy of Experimental Social Psychology, 32, 181–195.</ref>** alcohol intoxication<ref>Webster, D. M. (1994). Groups under the influence: Need for closure effects on the use of shared and unique information. Unpublisheddoctoral dissertation, University of Maryland at College Parkinsular lobe.</ref>* Low need for cognition* Personal need for Brain structure<ref>Schaller, M., Boyd, C., Yohannes, J., & O’Brienfunction, N. 216(19952), 137–49. The prejudiced personality revisiteddoi: Personal need for structure and formation of erroneous group stereotypes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, 544–55510.1007/s00429-010-0296-3</ref>)and there is a scale for cognitive closure NFCS<ref>Webster, D. M., & Kruglanski, A. W. (1994). Individual differences This may imply that liberals will feel more pain when thinking on losing in need for cognitive closure. Journal of Personality risky conditions and Social Psychology, 67, 1049–1062.</ref>** Prefernce for order and sturcture.** Emotional discomfort associated with amvbigiuty (it can therefore will be domain specific and [[FFFF]] relatedless ready to engage risk. [[User:WinSysop|Tal Yaron]])).** Impetiante and impolsivity with regard This may explain why conservatives may favor war while liberals will try to decision making.** Desire for security and predictability.** Colsed-mindnessnesfind more peaceful solutions.

'''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RightIt seems that open-wing_authoritarianism The Theory of RWA] (Right-Wing Authoritarian)''': Right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) mindedness according to Cognitive Reflection Test is a personality not correlated with [[Conservatives and ideological variable studied in political, social, and personality psychology. Right-wing authoritarians are people who have a high degree of willingness to submit to authorities they perceive as established and legitimate, who adhere to societal conventions and norms, and who are hostile and punitive in their attitudes towards people who don't adhere to them. They value uniformity and are in favour of using group authority, including coercion, to achieve it. Liberals|conservatism]]<ref> [http://usscwww.educulturalcognition.aunet/sblog/media2013/docs7/publications31/1006_Inequality_Stennermotivated-system-2-reasoning-experimental-evidence-its-signi.pdf Stenner, Karen html Dan Kahan (20092013). "Three Kinds of “Conservatism". Psychological Inquiry: 142, Motivated system 2 reasoning-159]</ref>. In it start the reserchers<ref>Adomo, T. W., Frenkel-Brunswilc, E., Levinson, D. J., experimental evidence & Sanford, R. N. (1950). The authoritarian personality. New York: Harper.its significance for explaining political polarization - review]</ref>, proposed that harsh parenting styles brought on by economic hardship led entire generations to repress hostility toward authority figures and to replace it with an exaggerated deference and idealization of authority and tendencies to blame societal scapegoats and punish deviants.Altemeyer charcrized RWA as (p.148)<ref>Altemeyer, R. A. (1981). Right-wing authoritarianism. WinnipegThous, Manitoba, Canada: University ofManitoba Press.</ref>:* “a high degree of submission to the authorities who are perceived to be established Consevatives and legitimate”; * “a general aggressiveness, directed against various persons, whichis perceived to be sanctioned by established authorities”; and * “a high degree of adherence to liberals uses [[system 2]] in the social conventions which are perceived to be endorsed by society” same manner.

'''Need for closure''' comply to regin idealogy<ref>Jost, J. T., Kruglanski, A. W., & Simon, L. (1999). Effects of epistemic motivation on conservatism, intolerance, Conservatives uses the amygdala which is active in social learning and threat detection and handling and other system justifying attitudes. In Ltherefore are more social orinetd. ThompsonBecause every society has it won codes, D. M. Messick, & J. M. Levine (Eds.),Shared cognition in organizations: The management of knowledge (pp. 91–116). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.</ref><ref>Golec, A. (2001conservative may tend to be more local-culuter oriented, July). Need for cognitive closure and political conservatism: Studies on the nature of the relationship. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Society of Political Psychology, Cuernavaca, Mexico.</ref>. But also when a need for closure is feltthey will engage different cultures and especialy very different cultures, also leftthey will be more un-wing ideologies knowing and therefore will become regid<ref>*Rokeach, Mfeel more threathend. (1960). The open and closed mind. New York: Basic Books. Rorty, R. (1989). Contingency, ironyIn General they feel more threat, and solidarity. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.</ref>. All in all, people with high need for closure will may prefer rigidwar over peace, construct and well defined theories<ref>Kruglanski, A. W. (1989). Lay epistemics and human knowledge: Cognitive and motivational basis. New York: Plenum.</ref>because they feel less pain when evaluating the consequence.

'''[[Regulatory Focus Theory]]"'''(High demends, critisicem): When one has aspirations (ideals) Liberals are more intelligent and on the other hand responsibilites (oughts), and his parenting role models asked him to acomplish high goals, but was focused on saftey, avoding of negative outcomes combined with punishment, the child will grow up try to be with strong need for closure, while holding, high ideassolve social and non-social conflicts by thinking. This They will be the base for some of the left-wing illiblerals ideologies<ref>Higgins, E. T. (1997). Beyond pleasure and avoid risks due to more sensitivity to pain. American Psychologist, 52, 1280–1300.</ref><ref>Higgins, E. T. (1998). Promotion and prevention: Regulatory focus as amotivational principle. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 30, 1–45.</ref>lost.

'''Just world theory''': The just-world hypothesis (or just-world fallacy) is the cognitive bias that all human actions eventually yield morally fair and fitting consequences, so that, ultimately: noble actions are duly rewarded and evil actions are duly punished. In other words, the just-world hypothesis is the tendency to attribute consequences to, or expect consequences as the result of, an unspecified power that restores moral balance; the fallacy is that this implies (often unintentionally) the existence of such a power in terms of some cosmic force of justice, desert, stability, or order in the universe.-Stop here----

===Group motivation for conservatismAmygdala and ACC==='''Social Dominance Theory''' (SDO): According to social dominance theory, human societies strive to minimize group conflict by developing ideological belief systems that justify the hegemony of some groups over others<ref>Pratto, F. (1999). The puzzle of continuing group inequality: Piecing together psychological, social, and cultural forces in social dominance theory. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 31, 191—263.</ref><ref>Pratto, F., Sidanius, J., Stallworth, L. M., & Malle, B. F. (1994). Social dominance orientation: A personality variable predicting social and political attitudes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 741-763.</ref><ref>Sidanius, J. (1993). The psychology of group conflict and the dynamics of oppression: A social dominance perspective. In S. Iyengar & W. J.McGuire (lids.), Explorations in political psychology (pp. 183—219). Durham, NC: Duke University Press</ref><ref>Sidanius, J., & Pratto, F. (1999). Social dominance: An intergroup theory of social hierarchy and oppression. New York: Cambridge University Press</ref><ref>Sidanius, J., Prattu, F., & Bobo, L. (1996). Racism, conservatism, affirmative action, and intellectual sophistication: A matter of principled conservatism or group dominance? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 476—490.</ref>. They achive it by legitmizing myths like (a) parental myth, in which the dominent group is the only one capable of mangment of the large group. (b)"reciprocal myth", in which every group should take it's place, and the dominante group shoul lead. (c) Sacred myth, which give dominence to one group over others by the authourity of God<ref>Sidanius, J. (1993). The psychology of group conflict and the dynamics of oppression: A social dominance perspective. In S. Iyengar & W. J.McGuire (lids.), Explorations in political psychology (pp. 183—219)(look at pp. 207-209).Durham, NC: Duke University Press</ref>.

SDO and RWA compose Jost at al, summerizing a 50 years of 50% research on the causes of conservatism had suggested that the statisitcal varience two main casus of prejudice conservatism are fear and athnocentrisma feel of urgent<ref>[http://faculty.virginia.edu/haidtlab/jost.glaser.political-conservatism-as-motivated-social-cog.pdf Jost, J., Glaser, J., Kruglanski, A., & Sulloway, F. J. (2003). Political Conservatism as Motivated Social Cognition. Psychological Bulletin, 129(3), which 339–375.]</ref>. These finding where partly supported by new evidance from the emerging field of brain research. A chronic state of conservatism is large part of the affectors characterized by smaller anterior cingulate cortex (Altemeyer 1998 p[[ACC]]) and enlarged amygdala<ref>[http://amodiolab.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/Jost-Amodio-2012.pdf Jost, J., & Amodio, D. 47(2012). SDO is more dominante Political ideology as motivated social cognition: Behavioral and RWA is more submissiveneuroscientific evidence. Motiv Emot, 36, 55–64.]</ref> <ref>“Altemeyer[http://blog.psico.edu.uy/cibpsi/files/2011/04/brains.pdf Kanai, R. A, Feilden, T., Firth, C., & Rees, G. (2011). Political orientations are correlated with brain structure in young adults. Current biology : CB, 21(19988), 677–80. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2011.03.017]</ref>. The other “authoritarian personalityAmygdala is involved emotional learning, and especially fear conditioning <ref>LeDoux, J. E.” In M(1992). PBrain mechanisms of emotion and emotional learning. Zanna Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 2(Ed2), 191–197. doi:10.1016/0959-4388(92)90011-9</ref><ref>LeDoux, J. (2004). The Emotional Brain, Fear, and the Amygdala. Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Advances 23(4-5), 727–738. doi:10.1023/A:1025048802629</ref>.The [[ACC]] is active in experimental social psychology (Volconflict detection <ref>Botvinick, M. M., Cohen, J. D. 30, pp& Carter, C. S. 47—91(2004). New YorkConflict monitoring and anterior cingulate cortex: Academic Pressan update. Trends in pcognitive sciences, 8(12), 539–546.75</ref>. as Jost et al put it "One can therefore infer that And is a major player in the most inexorable right-wingers are those who are motivated simultaneously by fear and aggression"process of creating novel knowledge after puzels <ref>John T. JostHolroyd, Arie WC. Kruglanski, Jack Glaser and Frank JB. Sulloway, Political Conservatism as Motivated Social Cognition& Yeung, Psychological Bulletin 2003N. (2011). An integrative theory of anterior cingulate cortex function: Option selection in hierarchical reinforcement learning. The Neural Basis of Motivational and Cognitive Control, Vol333–349. 129</ref><ref>Holroyd, NoC. 3B., & Yeung, 339—375 N. (p2012). 350Motivation of extended behaviors by anterior cingulate cortex. left col buttomTrends in cognitive sciences, 16(2), 122–128.</ref>.

===Main Causes of Conservatism===[Also it was found that conservatives handle risk with the right amygdala, while liberals deal the same tasks with the left insula<ref>[Filehttp:Jost et al - Conservatism motives//dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0052970 Schreiber, D., Simmons, A., Dawes, C., Flagan, T., Fowler H., J., & Paulus, M.gif|200px|thumb|right|The causes of conservatism according to Jost et al (20032009). Red Brain, Blue Brain: Evaluative Processes Differ in Democrats and Republicans.]] [</ref>. The insula is thought to be involve in risk prediction error<ref>[Filehttp:Yaron - Causes of conservatism 2012//www.jneurosci.org/content/28/11/2745.long Preuschoff, K., Quartz, S. R., & Bossaerts, P. (2008). Human insula activation reflects risk prediction errors as well as risk.gif|200px|thumb|right|The causes Journal of conservatism according to [[User:WinSysop|Tal Yaron]] Neuroscience, 28(201211), 2745–2752.]]</ref>

"Theoretical and empirical considerations lead us to conclude that virtually all of the above motives originate in psychological attempts to '''manage uncertainty and fear'''<ref>John T. Jost, Arie W. Kruglanski, Jack Glaser and Frank J. Sulloway, Political Conservatism as Motivated Social Cognition, Psychological Bulletin 2003, Vol. 129, No. 3, 339—375 (p. 351. left col middleBrain sections)</ref>."These, in turn, are inherently related to the two core aspects of conservative thought mentioned earlier—resistance to change and the endorsement of inequality".Thus, epistemic needs affect the style and manner by which individuals seek to overcome uncertainty and the fear of the unknown<ref>Kruglanski, A. W. (1989). Lay episremics and human knowledge: Cognitive and motivational basis. New York: Plenum.</ref><ref>Rokeach, M. (1960). The open and closed mind. New York: BasicBooks. Rorty, R. (1989). Contingency, irony, and solidarity. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.</ref><ref>Sorrentino, R. M., & Runey, C. I. R. (2000). The uncertain mind: Individual differences in facing the unknown. Philadelphia: Psychology Press/Taylor & Francis</ref><ref>Wilson, 0. D. (lid.). (l973). The psychology of conservatism. London: Academic Press</ref>. Existential motives, too, involve a desire for certainty and security that is associated with resisting rather than fostering change, and is highly corolated for need for certenty<ref>Dechesne, M., Janssen, J., & van Knippenberg, A. (2000). Derogation and distancing as terror managementstrategies: The moderating role of need for closure and permeability of group boundaries. Journal ofPersonality and Social Psychology, 79, 923—932.</ref><ref>McGregor, I., Zanna, M. P., Holmes, 1. 0., & Spencer, S. J. (2001). Compensatory conviction in the face of personal uncertainty: Going to extremes and being oneself. Journal of Personalityand Social Psychology, 80, 472—488.</ref>.

===Socio-Psycho Research===Evidence for and against The amygdala volume correlates positively with both the hypotheses that political conservatism is significantly associated with:* Cognitive needs** mental rigidity and closed-mindedness - The most contributng factor is mental rigidty<ref>Adorno et al., 1950, in [http://www.sulloway.org/PoliticalConservatismsize (2003).pdf Jost 2003]</ref><ref>Rokeach, 1960 [http://www.sulloway.org/PoliticalConservatism(2003the number of contacts a person has).pdf Jost 2003]</ref><ref>Wilson 1973c [http://www.sulloway.org/PoliticalConservatism(2003).pdf Jost 2003]</ref><ref>Christie1954 [http://www.sulloway.org/PoliticalConservatism(2003).pdf Jost 2003]</ref>. Research on cognitive sophistication and integrative the complexity provides (the soundest basis for evaluating claims linking epistemic motivation number of different groups to political ideologywhich a person belongs) of social networks <ref>(e.g.Bickart, Gruenfeld, 1995;Sidanius, 1985, 1988; Tetlock, 1983, 1984) in [http://www.sullowayK.org/PoliticalConservatism(2003).pdf Jost 2003]</ref>. Recent work on personal need for structure<ref>Schaller et alC., 1995Wright, in Jost2003</ref> and the need for cognitive closure<ref>DC. MI. Webster & Kruglanski, 1994 in Jost2003</ref> helps to complete the picture.**increased dogmatism and intolerance of ambiguity - The right wingers are much more mentaly rigid (dogmatice) the left-wing extremists <ref>BarkerDautoff, ER. N. (1963)J. Authoritarianism of the political right, centerDickerson, and leftB. Journal of Social Issues, 19, 63—74C.</ref>, according to the reserch in the field<ref>Altemeyer (1981, 1998) in Jost2003</ref><ref>Billig (1984) in Jost 2003</ref><ref>s (Barker, 1963; Christie, 1991; Elms, 1969; Pettigrew, 1958; Rokeach, 1960; Smithers & Lobley, 1978; Stacey & GreenBarrett, 1971) in [http://wwwL.sullowayF.org/PoliticalConservatism(20032011).pdf Jost 2003]</ref>Amygdala volume and social network size in humans. Right wingersNature neuroscience, Modrate and extrem14(2), are much more intolrate to ambiguty<ref>See Jost 2003, p. 353</ref>. ** decreased cognitive complexity - Left-wingers have more cognitive complexity the right-wingers163–4. Modrates in both wings, have more complexity then extrimists<ref>[httpdoi://www.sulloway10.org1038/PoliticalConservatism(2003).pdf Jost 2003] pnn. 3532724</ref>, but these results are not conclusive. Sidanius 1984/8 found that extremists from both sides are more engaged in political information search and conversation. but over-all conservatism is more related to lower cognitive complexity; r=-.2 p<0.0001** decreased openness to experience, in nonhuman experience. r=-.32 p<0.001 (Jost et al. 2003). Joe et al., found that cons. like to participate in decision making and humor experiments.** uncertainty avoidance: r=.34 p<0.0001 to conservatism (Jost et al. 2003). conservatives prefer simple and realistic paintings (Mathews 1973). Cons do not like to change work habits or use new technology (Fay and Frase 2000). r=-.27 p<0.001** personal needs for order and structure: cons like more tidy and representative clothing and are more tidy.(Altemyer 1998).**need for cognitive closure* Existential motives.** lowered self-esteem: lower self-esteem, produce impulsive closure. failure promotes cons behavior. r=-.09 p<0.001** fear, anger, and aggression: fear and threat correlate with con r=.18 p<.0001. neuroticism r=.3 p<.0001 ** pessimism, disgust, and contempt: more research is needed (Jost et al. 2003). not enough research was done on parental role and cons.** loss prevention: hard cons react better to loss prevention massages (Lavine et al 1999)** fear of death. very high correlation. ** threat arising from social and economic deprivation - high rise of nazi after 1929 economic crises. but Jost fail to observe that there is rise of extremism on both sides. There seems that there was also rise in Communism. ** threat to the stability ofthe social system: In time of crises there is growing need for strong leadership and conservatism.

People with more activation in the dorsal [[ACC]], tend (Insula)The left insula was fund to be more suspitable connected to PTSDwarmth and painful sensations <ref>[http://wwwStephani, C.ncbi, Fernandez-Baca Vaca, G.nlm, Maciunas, R.nih.gov/pubmed/21724666 Shin ML et al, Koubeissi, M., Exaggerated activation of dorsal anterior cingulate cortex during cognitive interference: a monozygotic twin study of posttraumatic stress disorder& Lüders, 2011]</ref>H. O. (May be the more fearful need to use their dACC to calculate different options?2011). Where as people with ADD, which promote liberalism showed reduced activation Functional neuroanatomy of what seems to be the d[[ACC]]<ref>[httpinsular lobe. Brain structure & function, 216(2), 137–49. doi://www10.sciencedirect.com1007/science/article/pii/S0006322399000839 Bush et al., Anterior cingulate cortex dysfunction in attentions00429-010-0296-deficit/hyperactivity disorder revealed by fMRI and the counting stroop,1999]3</ref>.The dACC active in conflict monitoringthis suggest that conservatives are feeling more threat<ref>[http://wwwdx.sciencedirectplos.comorg/science10.1371/article/pii/S1364661304002657 Conflict monitoring and anteriorcingulatecortex: an updatejournal.pone.0052970 Schreiber, D., Simmons, A., Dawes, C., Flagan, T., 2004]</ref>Fowler H., (and it may be that ADD will decide more impulsivlyJ. But if they have stress, they & Paulus, M. (fear from failure2009) they will be unable to decide. Red Brain, as I have seen with my trainees [[UserBlue Brain:WinSysop|Tal YaronEvaluative Processes Differ in Democrats and Republicans.]] 08:31, 11 September 2012 (IDT))</ref>.

Liberals have more [[It was found the liberals reacts better to conflict detection, and their anterior cingulate cortex (ACC]] volume whereas conservatives have ) was more amygdala volumeactive during conflict detecting <ref>[http://wwwAmodio, D. M., Jost, J. T., Master, S. L., & Yee, C.cellM.com/current-biology/abstract/S0960-9822(112007)00289-2 Paper. Neurocognitive correlates of liberalism and conservatism. Nature neuroscience,10(10), 2011]1246–1247.</ref>.

Sadness enhances the experience of pain via neural [[ACC|activation in The Amygdala can be controlled by the anterior cingulate cortex]] and amygdalarACC <ref>[ http://wwwEtkin, A., Egner, T.sciencedirect, Peraza, D.com/science/article/pii/S1053811909012658Atsou et alM., Sadness enhances the experience of pain via neural activation in the anteriorcingulatecortex and amygdala: An fMRI studyKandel, 2009]</ref>E.The Rostral Anterior Cingulate Cortex Modulates the Efficiency of Amygdala-Dependent Fear Learning<ref>[http://wwwR.ncbi, & Hirsch, J.nlm(2006).nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2880388/ Bissieree et alResolving emotional conflict: a role for the rostral anterior cingulate cortex in modulating activity in the amygdala.Neuron, The Rostral Anterior Cingulate Cortex Modulates the Efficiency of Amygdala-Dependent Fear Learning51(6), 2008]871–882.</ref>.

Learning is induced because of surprise. (Non brain research)The d[[ACC]] idea that threat is concerned causing people to become more with attention and motor control processes involved in behavioral adjustment. The dopamine [[RPE]] system is the process from which a learning is happeningconservatives was further corroborated by an experiment that showed that under fear conditions, liberal students judge like conservative students<ref>Benjamin YNail, P. R. Hayden1,2McGregor, Sarah RI. Heilbronner, John MDrinkwater, A. Pearson, and Michael LE. Platt, Surprise Signals in Anterior Cingulate Cortex: Neuronal Encoding of Unsigned Reward Prediction Errors Driving Adjustment in BehaviorSteele, ''The Journal of Neuroscience''G. M., 16 March 2011& Thompson, 31A. W. (112009): 4178-4187</ref>.

[[Emotional processing in anterior cingulate Threat causes liberals to think like conservatives. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 45(4), 901–907. doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2009.04.013</ref>. Conservatives are more easily disgusted than liberals <ref>Inbar, Y., Pizarro, D. A., & Bloom, P. (2009). Conservatives are more easily disgusted than liberals. Cognition and medial prefrontal cortexEmotion, 23(4), 2011]]714–725.</ref>.

Individuals with measurably higher physical sensitivities to sudden noises and threatening visual images were more likely to support conservatives policies like defense spending, capital punishment, patriotism, and the Iraq War, whereas individuals displaying measurably lower physiological reactions to those same stimuli were more likely to favor foreign aid, liberal immigration policies, pacifism, and gun control.<ref>Oxley, D. R., Smith, K. B., Alford. John R., Hibbing, M. V., Miller, J. L., Scalora, M., Hatemi, P. K., et al. (2008). Political Attitudes Vary with Physiological Traits. Science, 321, 1667–1670.</ref>. Liberals are more trusting but have smaller social networks, while conservatives find faster threatening facial emotion and have larger social networks<ref>Vigil, J. M. (2010). Political leanings vary with facial expression processing and psychosocial functioning. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 13(5), 547–558. doi:10.1177/1368430209356930</ref>. Conservatives detect threatening faces more easly. With less stress<ref>Giuseffi, K. (2012). Processing Facial Emotions: An EEG Study of the Differences between Conservatives and Liberals and Across Political Participation. University of Nebraska.</ref>.  ====Proposed Outcomes=Further readings===This strength that conservative learn more through social learning, and on threat, they will react more with the [[FFFF]] reaction.  Conservatives will prefer "conservative" decision (well established past decisions)* The [http[ACC]] is turned off when there is enough past information for making a decision <ref>Domenech, P., & Dreher, J.-C. (2010). Decision threshold modulation in the human brain. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 30(43), 14305–17. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2371-10.2010</wwwref>. Therefore, people with lower volume of ACC have more "closured" decision making system, and therefore they will prefer "conservative" decisions.  Liberals will prefer less "group" prefernces and more intelgent solutions.  ----Stop here---- More intelligent people tend to adopt liberal ideology<ref>Kanazawa, S. (2010). Why liberals and atheists are more intelligent.tedSocial Psychology Quarterly, 73(1), 33–57.com</talks/jonathan_haidt_on_the_moral_mindref>.    Liberals have the same implicit intuitions about moral, but explicitly they adjust to liberal morals<ref>Graham, J., Englander, Z., Morris, J., Hawkins, C.html Jonathan , Haidt, J., & Nosek, B. (2012). Warning Bell: Liberals Implicitly Respond to Group Morality Before Rejecting it Explicitly.</ref> Conservatives, is suggested, are more aware of social asspects, due to more learning through the amygdala, and therefore conform to society<ref>Wright, J. C., & Baril, G. (2011). The role of cognitive resources in determining our moral roots intuitions: Are we all liberals at heart? Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 47(5), 1007–1012.</ref> All in all, conservative learn and react more to emotions through the amygdala, and may exhibt more aggresivnes toward threat, while liberals are less effective in the social filld, but are more effective in conflict detaction, thoughs create more non-social ineligible solutions. Liberals are more wise on the social level, while liberals more wise on the non-social level. ===Causes of Conservatism===Chronic state of conservatism is characterized by smaller anterior cingulate cortex ([[ACC]]) and conservativesenlarged amygdala<ref>[http://amodiolab.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/Jost-Amodio-2012.pdf Jost, J., & Amodio, D. (2012). Political ideology as motivated social cognition: Behavioral and neuroscientific evidence. Motiv Emot, 36, 55–64.]</ref>. The ACC is used to control efforts and also rostral ACC is active in learning intuitively social behaviors. if having small volume of the ACC, people will react more impulsively, on TEDand will have difficulty to understand social interactions. This will cause them to perceive unfamiliar people with less understanding and therefore with more mistrust.* Jazvic said Conservatives handle risk with the right amygdala, while liberals deal the same tasks with the lef insula. this sugest that conservatives are feeling more threat<ref>Schreiber, D., Fonzo, G., Simmons, A. N., Dawes, C. T., Flagan, T., Fowler, J. H., & Paulus, M. P. (2013). Red Brain, Blue Brain: Evaluative Processes Differ in Democrats and Republicans. PloS one, 8(look at Kahnman p2), e52970.</ref>. Conservative statments make you stop: "Zamboni et al. 67(2009)found that, regardless of participants’ own political orientation, the processing of conservative statements was associated with greater activity in the right dlPFC—a brain region that new experience is dangerassociated with withdrawal motivation, negative affect, and thereforeresponse inhibition in prior research (e.g., Aron et al. 2004; Davidson 1992; Harmon-Jones 2003). Although this finding may have multiple interpretations, one could speculate that thinking about more conservative positions elicited a withdrawaloriented response among these participants, human an animals will avoid new expriencewhich would be consistent with responses to disgusting or threatening stimuli (cf. Helzer and Pizarro 2011; Terrizzi et al. 2010).This pattern of activation was unrelated to the extremity or level of abstraction of political statements" from [http: //amodiolab.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/Jost-Amodio-2012.pdf Amodio 2012] Damage to the [[PFC]] can cause religious foundementalisem<ref>Zhong, Wanting, et al. "Biological and cognitive underpinnings of religious fundamentalism." Neuropsychologia (2017).‏APA</ref> ===Causes of Liberalism=== Why liberals and atheists are more intelligent<ref>[http://ensecure.wikipediaasanet.org/wikiimages/journals/docs/pdf/Merespq/Mar10SPQFeature.pdf Kanazawa, S. (2010). Why liberals and atheists are more intelligent. Social Psychology Quarterly, 73(1), 33-exposure_effect mere-exprience effect57.]</ref> Liberals have the same implicit intuitions about moral, but explicitly the adjust to liberal morals<ref>[http://poseidon01.ssrn.com/delivery.php?ID=616064002106075065123023116022113121037016025093044007014073023026003097074068114120028062030124045033010026074088083098112122046083078061083099070027073092117028094010018046069064071119098113065118100088&EXT=pdf Graham, J., Englander, Z., Morris, J., Hawkins, C., Haidt, J., & Nosek, B. (especially if 2012). Warning Bell: Liberals Implicitly Respond to Group Morality Before Rejecting it Explicitly. Available at SSRN.]</ref> it seems that conservatives uses more [system 1] while liberals uses more of [system 2]. Greater liberalism was associated with stronger conflict-related [[ACC|anterior cingulate activity]], suggesting greater neurocognitive sensitivity to cues for altering a habitual response pattern<ref>[FFFFhttp://www.psych.nyu.edu/amodiolab/Publications_files/Amodio_etal_2007_NatureNeuro.pdf Amodio, D. M., Jost, J. T., Master, S. L., & Yee, C. M. (2007). Neurocognitive correlates of liberalism and conservatism. Nature neuroscience, 10(10), 1246-1247.]</ref>. Threat causes liberals to think like conservatives<ref>Nail, P. R., McGregor, I., Drinkwater, A. E., Steele, G. M., & Thompson, A. W. (2009). Threat causes liberals to think like conservatives. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 45(4), 901-907.</ref> ==More=====Libertanism===Libertarians have less social bonding and they value most liberty and self creativity<ref>Iyer R, Koleva S, Graham J, Ditto P, Haidt J (2012) Understanding Libertarian Morality: The Psychological Dispositions of Self-Identified Libertarians. PLoS ONE 7(8): e42366. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0042366</ref>  ===Power Distance Index=== The power distance index (PDI), describes how anequivlante sharing of power is accepted as legitimate. see [http://www.clearlycultural.com/geert-hofstede-cultural-dimensions/power-distance-index/ this site] , and see how low Israel is workingon this scale. This article calim that PDI is important factor for grouth<ref>[http://emlab.berkeley.edu/~ygorodni/GorodnichenkoRoland_AEAPP.pdf Gorodnichenko, Yuriy, and Gerard Roland."Which dimensions of culture matter for long-run growth?." The American Economic Review 101.3 (2011): 492-498.]</ref> ===Conservatives and God Complex===* Kahnman [http://www.ted.com/talks/lang/he/tim_harford.html Good complex et TED] WOW! write how he presuase, how Archy works to presuase people, and The god complex in conservatives. and the greatnes in thinking slow liberal trial and error, and the chalngs he put before schools and fast ppoliticians.76 (Fear and need for certainty, said that in time fits brain research.... and show how it fits)===Why liberals are socialists=== Th0: Abstract-Liberals have poor social intuitive understanding probably due to small volume of danger[[rACC]], and they have trouble to work at "productive jobs". Therefore they will prefer to avoid community help for the poor, and will prefer to let the government do the help for the poor. Thy will also resist capitalism, because capitalism emphasize "productivity", it and therefore capitalism is inhospitable to liberals. Mild-Conservatives are more "productive" and are more closed-communities oriented; therefore they will prefer capitalism and self-helping communities. As people become more conservatives they more closed minded, adhere more to the "truth" and are more critical, their communities start to risky disintegrate. They will shift to relay "strong leadership" regimes like Theocratic regime or nationalistic regime. These regimes are usually working on "Justice" and much less on "Benevolence". [[User:WinSysop|Tal Yaron]] 00:03, 26 December 2012 (IST) ===Extremism===Hadit suggest that extremism is caused by addiction to the mistakes reward in [[ventral stratium]] that people get whenever they are prove to be right (Hadit p. 100-103) ===Media influance on Conservatives, Liberas and Moderates=== Zaller’s (1992)<ref>Zaller, J. R. (1992). The nature and origins of system 1mass opinion. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.</ref> reason-accept-sample model of public opinion hypothesizes that politi- cally knowledgeable individuals who have a liberal or conservative ideological bias can effectively filter out messages contrary to their ideology. Moderates and therefore you will use System 2persons lacking political expertise fail to apply such filters and develop views representative of the larger media diet they consume.  ==Conclusions==Base on previous research I am not sure it will suggest that the basic difference between liberals and conservatives is truethe perception of state of threat from some source in the sounding, and the do-explore state, unless you have time people are in.  [[conservatism|Conservatism]] and [[self controlliberalism|Liberalism]] in the context of deliberation is states of mind that create different understandings and reactions to wide variety of issues. When people in the state of mind of conservatism they usually will be less suspitable to activate system adopt new ideas, they will be more planed-action driven and sometimes more aggressive or fearful<ref>[http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1026&context=poliscifacpub&sei-redir=1&referer=http%3A%2F%2Fscholar.google.co.il%2Fscholar_url%3Fhl%3Diw%26q%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fdigitalcommons.unl.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%253Farticle%253D1026%2526context%253Dpoliscifacpub%26sa%3DX%26scisig%3DAAGBfm06hrHGDT1Hjj8pNKxLQjtPRgZVpg%26oi%3Dscholarr%26ei%3DlU2vUIwVqqfRBfqCgbgN%26ved%3D0CB4QgAMoADAA#search=%22http%3A%2F%2Fdigitalcommons.unl.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1026%26context%3D Oxley, D. R., Smith, K. B., Alford. John R., Hibbing, M. V., Miller, J. L., Scalora, M., Hatemi, P. K., et al. (2008). Political Attitudes Vary with Physiological Traits. Science, 321, 1667–1670.]</ref>. Conservatism is driving people to group more closely<ref>[http://www.charlielawing.com/metaphor_and_politics.pdf Lakoff, G. (1995). Metaphor, Morality, and Politics, Or, Why Conservatives Have Left Liberals In the Dust. Social Research, 62(2), 177–213.]</ref>. maybe smart conservative On a state of liberalism, people will be more dependent on system 2ready to exam new ideas, be less action driven, and more friendly and cooperative toward strangers. In liberalism state, people tend to be more individualistic or to get along according to occasionally sharing of interests. Conservatives has more need for clouser, while liberals can take more ambiguity. This is due to the [[FFFF]] mode that results from their preception of strangers as threat. Recently I have seen that Liberals and Conservatives can also be looked at as [[thinkers and doers|Thinkers and Doers]] See also: [[Conservatives and Liberals: literature review]] ===Other===I suspect that the NMDA have something to do with [http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/01/130109124227.htm liberalsem-conservatism]