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Childrens with [[aggression|aggressive]] problems (disruptive behavior disorders) show reduced activity in the ACC<ref>[http://www.international-coaching.org/files/pagini/acc_avb.pdf Gavita, O. A., Capris, D., Bolno, J., & David, D. (2012). Anterior cingulate cortex findings in child disruptive behavior disorders.: A meta-analysis. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 17(6), 507–513.]</ref>. [[vmPFC|ventral mPFC]] might be involved in affective processes associated with compassion to the suffering opponent<ref>[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811906009736 Evidence for a different role of the ventral and dorsal medial prefrontal cortex for social reactive aggression: An interactive fMRI study, 2007]</ref>. Adolescent with conduct disorder (aggressive disorder) had lower activation of the [[ACC]], lower sociomoral judgment and higher need for [[novelty seeking]]<ref>[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022395606000161 Christina Stadlera, Philipp Sterzerb, Klaus Schmeckc, Annette Krebsa, Andreas Kleinschmidt, Fritz Poustka, Reduced anterior cingulate activation in aggressive children and adolescents during affective stimulation: Association with temperament traits, 2007]</ref>.
Emotion is normally regulated in the human brain by a complex circuit consisting of the [[OFC|orbital frontal cortex]], [[amygdala]], [[ACC|anterior cingulate cortex]], and several other interconnected regions. There are both genetic and environmental contributions to the structure and function of this circuitry. It is posit that impulsive aggression and violence arise as a consequence of faulty emotion regulation<ref>[http://www.sciencemag.org/content/289/5479/591.short Davidson, R. J., Putnam, K. M., & Larson, C. L. (2000). Dysfunction in the neural circuitry of emotion regulation--a possible prelude to violence. Science, 289(5479), 591–594.</ref>.
==Measuring Aggression==