==Bias in deliberation==

Prior studies typically suggest that low education, older age and male gender predict higher rates of nonresponse and attrition (cf. Fitzgerald et al. 1998; Uhrig 2008; Voogt and Kempen 2002). In one of the oldest panel surveys, the Michigan panel study of income

dynamics, those who drop out tend to have lower education and lower SES than those who stay in (Fitzgerald et al. 1998, p. 50)<ref>from: Who will not deliberate? Attrition in a multi-stage citizen deliberation experim... http://www.mendeley.com/c/6424560221/p/4991071/karjalainen-2014-who-will-not-deliberate-attrition-in-a-multi-stage-citizen-deliberation-experiment</ref>