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# All parties are equal.
# Deliberation strive to achive rationaly motivated consensus. If not, it will reach majority role by voting.
===Deliberation Effect===
From Karpowitz 2011<ref>Karpowitz, C. F., & Mendelberg, T. (2011). An experimental approach to citizen deliberation. Cambridge Handbook of Experimental Political Science, 258–272.</ref>:
There are Deliberative theories as there theorists. The theories do not agree between them (Macedo 1999), but there is an agreement about what the effects of deliberation (Mendelberg 2002, Mutz 2008).
Hibbing and Theiss-Morse (2002) summarize three broad categories of effects: ''better citizens'', ''better decisions'', more ''legitimate system''.
* Better citizenship
** Increase tolerance and empathy (Warren 1992, Gutman and Thompson 1996, 2004)
** Decrees in the distortions of public opinion (Convers 1964….), leading to more political knowledge and awareness. And more cohence between related opinions (Fishkin 1995)
** Better understanding of one own interests and better ability to make arguments (Warren 1992, Chambers 1996, 2003)
** Better understanding of other's point of view. And ability to recognize their moral standings (Habermas 1989, 1996, Chambers 1996, Gutman&Thompson 1996, 2004)
** A sense of empowerment (Fishkin 1995, Bohman 1997)
** A greate sense of public spiritedness (Warner 1992), and increase willingness to recognize community values, and to compromise (Mansbridge 1983, Chambers 1996, But see Sanders 1997, Young 2000).
** A tendency to practice more in public afferis (Barber 1984, Gastil deess, & Wiser 2002, Gastil et al. 2008)
* Quality of decisions
** Decision will be grounded on increased knowledge, a more complete set of arguments, a fuller understandin of the reasons for disagreemnts, amd a more generous attitude tword all groups in society, especialy those who have the least (Chambers 1996, Gutman and Thompson 2004)
** Legitmate system
** More trust the the decision was done fairly. (Thomson 2008, Manin 1987). The fairness is mostly important when the is a conflict, or when there is no trust in the system (BenHabib1996, Mansberg 1983, Chambers 1996)
==Democratic assessment of collaborative planning processes==