# It has a large number of laws, rules, regulations, and administrativeorders to restrict business and economic activities and thereby createshuge opportunities for generating economic rent, and especially ifthese restrictive measures are complex and opaque and applied in a

# Administrators are granted large discretionary powers with respect tointerpreting rules, are given a lot of freedom to decide on how rulesare to be applied, to whom and in what manner they are to be applied,are vested with powers to amend, alter, and rescind the rules, andeven to supplement the rules by invoking new restrictive administrativemeasures and procedures; and# There are no effective mechanisms and institutional arrangements inthe country to hold administrators accountable for their actions.