Open main menu

Deliberative Democracy Institiute Wiki β

Changes

FFFF

32 bytes added, 01:14, 25 April 2013
no edit summary
'''Fight or Flight''' was a trem coined by Walter Cannon<ref>Cannon WB, 1932, The wisdom of the body, New York, Norton</ref>, and it describe as a [[decision making|decision]] system that react to threats. In the begging only to reaction were detected - Fight or Flight. But as the research in this area proressed it is now knowen to consist of one imdiate reaction, and three optional coarse of actions<ref>[http://psy.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/full/45/5/448 S. Bracha at al, 2004, Does "Fight or Flight" Need Updating?, Psychosomatics 45:448-449, October]</ref>. The first is ''Freeze''. When a threat is suspected or detected, the brain will give order to freeze and try to detect or estimate the what kind of threat it is. Then three options will follow. In most cases it is better to run a way from danger (Which is named Flight). When the danger is unavoidable, then either the brain will give instruction to ''fight'' the danger, and if it is to strong and we can not escape, the last option we be to surrender in hope that the attacker will leave us alone and will not atack us. The last option is called ''Fright''. So today we can calll this reaction '''Freeze, Flight, Fight or Fright''' (FFFF).
It seems that most of the system is located in Amygdala<ref>Davis, M., Whalen, P.J., 2001. The amygdala: vigilance and emotion. Mol. Psychiatry 6, 13 – 34.</ref><ref>Halgren, E., 1992. Emotional neurophysiology of the amygdala within the context of human cognition. In: Aggleton, J.P. (Ed.), The Amygdala: Neurobiological Aspects of Emotion, Memory and Mental Dysfunction. John Wiley and Sons, New York, pp. 191 – 228.</ref><ref>LeDoux, J.E., 1998. The Emotional Brain: The Mysterious Underpinnings of Emotional Life. Touchstone, New York.</ref><ref>Phan, K.L., Wager, T., Taylor, S.F., Liberzon, I., 2002. Functional neuroanatomy of emotion: a meta-analysis of emotion activation studies in PET and fMRI. NeuroImage 16, 331 – 348.</ref><ref>Zald, D.H., 2003. The human amygdala and the emotional evaluation of sensory stimuli. Brain Res., Brain Res. Rev. 41, 88 – 123.</ref> and in other areas of the limbic system<ref>[http://ukpmc.ac.uk/abstract/MED/7916235 Graeff FG, 1994, Neuroanatomy and neurotransmitter regulation of defensive behaviors and related emotions in mammals, ''Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research'', 27(4):811-29]</ref>. In due time and with [[effortful control]] the system can be thought and mainpulated. When signals of threat are intiated, a reaction signals are send from the amygdala to the brain steam and to the prefrontal cortex<ref>[http://www.somasimple.com/pdf_files/brainstem_fear.pdf Liddell et al. A direct brainstem–amygdala–cortical dalarmT system for subliminal signals of fear, NeuroImage 24(2005)235– 243]</ref>.