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'''Inclusive and equal''': According to Habermas, Deliberation is [[Inclusive]], which means, every citizen, no matter what his qualities should be able to participate on equal terms, without discrimination due to economic, education or other causes: Citizens must have adequate and equal opportunities to form their preference and place questions on the public agenda and express reasons for one outcome over the other. Their voting is equal, and the knowledge should be engaged in a manner that will let every participant effectively understand the subject at hand<ref>Dahl, R. A. (1989). Democracy and its critiques. New Haven: Yale University Press.</ref>.
'''OpenessOpenness''': The participants must keep open the possibility of changing their minds, and continuing a reason-giving dialogue that can challenge previous decisions and laws<ref>Gutmann, Amy, and Dennis Thompson (2004). Why Deliberative Democracy? pp. 3-7.</ref>.
'''Political capabilities''':The public develops political and deliberative competencies, as to manage his business with better competence in each iteration of dliberation<ref>[https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/592f/ad7eb9d3a1a83115b0e0f938126ba880fd8b.pdf Cohen, J. (1989). Deliberation and democratic legitimacy. Debates in Contemporary Political Philosophy, 342.]</ref>.
'''Control''': The public controls the process of deliberation and the agenda (Dahl).
'''The public control the process of deliberation and the agenda '''(Dahl).
'''Learning from experience''' follows the public decision, the actions and the results are transparent, and the public can learn and improve future decisions <ref>[https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/592f/ad7eb9d3a1a83115b0e0f938126ba880fd8b.pdf Cohen, J. (1989). Deliberation and democratic legitimacy. Debates in Contemporary Political Philosophy, 342.]</ref>. It sems seems that increasing political capability and learning from expreince experienceeliberative experience deliberative efficacy<ref>[https://www.publicdeliberation.net/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1502&context=jpd Geissel, Brigitte, and Pamela Hess. "Explaining Political Efficacy in Deliberative Procedures-A Novel Methodological Approach." Journal of Public Deliberation 13.2 (2017): 4.]</ref>.
==References==
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[[category: theory]]
[[category: values]]