Value is calculated by: potential payoff, the probability of success, and the cost in terms of time and effort (in Kennerley et al 2009). [[ACC]], orbito-frontal cortex, and the lateral [[PFC|prefrontal cortex ]] are involved in decision-making process. [[ACC]] is most involved in decision making<ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18752411 Kennerley SW1, Dahmubed AF, Lara AH, Wallis JD. (2009)Neurons in the frontal lobe encode the value of multiple decision variables. J Cogn Neurosci. 2009 Jun;21(6):1162-78. doi: 10.1162/jocn.2009.21100.]</ref>.