Inclusive
Inclusivness is part of the main values of deliberation. According to Habermas, Deliberation is Inclusive, which means, every citizen, no matter what his qualities should be able to participate on equal terms, without discrimination due to economic, education or other causes: Citizens must have adequate and equal opportunities to form their preference and place questions on the public agenda and express reasons for one outcome over the other. Their voting is equal, and the knowledge should be engaged in a mannar that will let every participant effectivly understand the subject in hand[1].
Karpwitz and Raphael suggest 4 term in which inclusivness could be facilitated[2]:
- Holistic and open - open to all how want to participate
- Holistic and restricted - represnted by by lot
- relational and open - aim at improving relations btween communities.
- (relational and restricted - as above, but is conducted by represntatives.
References
- ↑ Dahl, R. A. (1989). Democracy and its critiques. New Haven: Yale University Press.
- ↑ Karpowitz, Christopher F., and Chad Raphael. "Ideals of Inclusion in Deliberation." Journal of Public Deliberation 12.2 (2016)