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Reward Prediction Error (RPE), is thought to be a the activator of learning when there is a difference between accepted reward and actual reward[1]. but it is debated[2].
It may be correlated to novelty seeking and activation of system 2
Learning is induced because of surprise. The dACC is concerned more with attention and motor control processes involved in behavioral adjustment. The dopamine RPE system is the process from which a learning is happening[3].
In old age the is decline in RPE[4], but usage of L-dopa can increase the RPE again[5]
RPE can cause pupil dilation in the case of risk error prediction[6]
Related Papers
Thougths
It seams that when we gossip or reading news, the RPE is working, and driving us to understand what can be the causes of the things we see. It is caused when we can not understand the reasons or can not predict the events. This may be one of the reasons, news tend to be bulerd and not logical, and are becoming infotainment. Cause is an economic description (explanation) for a set of phenomena[7]. If we will achieve good explanations, we will be less surprised and will be able to better predict our interaction with the world. Tal Yaron
References
- ↑ Glimcher, P. W. (2011). Understanding dopamine and reinforcement learning: the dopamine reward prediction error hypothesis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 108 Suppl (Supplement_3), 15647–54
- ↑ article 2007
- ↑ Benjamin Y. Hayden1,2, Sarah R. Heilbronner, John M. Pearson, and Michael L. Platt, Surprise Signals in Anterior Cingulate Cortex: Neuronal Encoding of Unsigned Reward Prediction Errors Driving Adjustment in Behavior, The Journal of Neuroscience, 16 March 2011, 31(11): 4178-4187
- ↑ Eppinger, Ben, et al. "Reduced Striatal Responses to Reward Prediction Errors in Older Compared with Younger Adults." The Journal of Neuroscience 33.24 (2013): 9905-9912.
- ↑ Chowdhury, Rumana, et al. "Dopamine restores reward prediction errors in old age." Nature neuroscience (2013).
- ↑ Preuschoff, K., Marius’t Hart, B., & Einhäuser, W. (2011). Pupil dilation signals surprise: evidence for noradrenaline’s role in decision making. Frontiers in neuroscience, 5
- ↑ Ernst, M. (1986). On the Economical Nature of Physical Inquiry. Popular Scientific Lectures (pp. 186–214). Open Court.