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RACC

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Also called ventral ACC

It is thought that rostral ACC id involved in emotional processing[1]. Sadness enhances the experience of pain via neural activation in the anterior cingulate cortex and amygdala[2].The Rostral Anterior Cingulate Cortex Modulates the Efficiency of Amygdala-Dependent Fear Learning[3].

It seems that rostral ACC is in the side of the critique[4] and have negative feedback on selection of actions. it is highly active in depression[5]. rACC is correlated with error detection[6][7]. It is used in emotional conflicts[8] but not with neutral conflicts[9][10][11].

rACC is negatively correlated with amygdala activity in conflict resolution tasks. it is suggested that the rACC down-regulate the amygdala[12]. (And may reduce anger or anxiety?)

References

  1. ↑ Bush G, Luu P & Posner MI, Cognotve and emotional influances in the anterior cingulate cotrex, Trends. Cogn. Sci. 4, 215-222 (2000)
  2. ↑ [ http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811909012658Atsou et al., Sadness enhances the experience of pain via neural activation in the anteriorcingulatecortex and amygdala: An fMRI study, 2009]
  3. ↑ Bissieree et al., The Rostral Anterior Cingulate Cortex Modulates the Efficiency of Amygdala-Dependent Fear Learning, 2008
  4. ↑ Etkin et al., Emotional processing in anterior cingulate and medial prefrontal cortex, 2011
  5. ↑ Wagner G, Sinsel E, Sobanski T, et al. Cortical inefficiency in patients with unipolar depression: an event-related FMRI study with the Stroop task. Biol Psychiatry 2006;59:958-65.
  6. ↑ Polli et al, Rostral and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex make dissociable contributions during antisaccade error commission
  7. ↑ Kiehl et al, Error processing and the rostral anterior cingulate: An event-related fMRI study, 2000
  8. ↑ Etkin A et al.,Resolving Emotional Conflict: A Role for the Rostral Anterior Cingulate Cortex in Modulating Activity in the Amygdala, Neuron, Volume 51, Issue 6, 871-882, 21 September 2006
  9. ↑ Martin E. Maier, Impaired Conflict Adaptation in an Emotional Task Context following Rostral Anterior Cingulate Cortex Lesions in Humans, 2012
  10. ↑ Egner T; Etkin A; Gale S; Hirsch J: Dissociable neural systems resolve conflict from emotional versus nonemotional distracters. Cereb Cortex 2008; 18:1475—1484
  11. ↑ Etkin A; Egner T; Peraza DM; Kandel ER; Hirsch J: Resolving emotional conflict: a role for the rostral anterior cingulate cortex in modulating activity in the amygdala. Neuron 2006; 51:871—882
  12. ↑ Etkin, A et al. Resolving Emotional Conflict: A Role for the Rostral Anterior Cingulate Cortex in Modulating Activity in the Amygdala, 2006
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