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→Turnage, A. K. (2008)
====Turnage, A. K. (2008)====
Turnage, A. K. (2008)<ref>[http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00385.x/full Turnage, A. K. (2008). Email flaming behaviors and organizational conflict. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 13(1), 43-59.]</ref>:
Acoording to Turnage (2008), the most common characteristics of flaming identified in the literature as a whole are: hostility, aggression, intimidation, insults, offensive language or tone, unfriendliness, uninhibited behavior, and sarcasm. The researcher measured these eight variables in email recipients’ responses to a given set of messages. In addition, other attributes that may be characteristic of flaming were examined in the email messages studied, such as profanity, use of all caps, excessive punctuation, and emoticons (p.48-49).