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Difference between revisions of "Dopamine"

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[[Dopamine|Dopamine]] depletion in [[Ventral stratium|ventral striatum]] reduces propensity for physical effort <ref>Salamone JD, Correa M, Farrar A, Mingote SM. Effort-related functions of nucleus accumbens dopamine and associated forebrain circuits. Psychopharmacology. 2007;191: 461– 482.</ref> D1 ([[dopamine]] 1) receptor blockade in [[ACC]] reduces preference for expending effort for rats<ref>Schweimer J, Hauber W. Dopamine D1 receptors in the anterior cingulate cortex regulate effort-based decision-making. Learning & Memory. 2006;13: 777–782</ref>.It is non-discriminative between reward types, dopaminergic firing in [[VTA]] does appear to reflect subjective (action) value with integrated responses to both delay and reward amount<ref>Roesch MR, Calu DJ, Schoenbaum G. Dopamine neurons encode the better option in rats deciding between differently delayed or sized rewards. Nature Neuroscience. 2007;10: 1615– 1624.</ref>. Dopaminergic neurons send diffuse projections to [[striatum]] (nigrostriatal pathway) and prefrontal cortex (mesocortical pathway) and thereby transmit a pleasure values or [[learning|teaching]] signal to a variety of brain regions, for learning, stimulus evaluation, and directed action. <ref>Volkow ND, Wang GJ, Telang F, et al. Dopamine increases in striatum do not elicit craving in cocaine abusers unless they are coupled with cocaine cues. NeuroImage. 2008;39: 1266– 1273)</ref>.
 
[[Dopamine|Dopamine]] depletion in [[Ventral stratium|ventral striatum]] reduces propensity for physical effort <ref>Salamone JD, Correa M, Farrar A, Mingote SM. Effort-related functions of nucleus accumbens dopamine and associated forebrain circuits. Psychopharmacology. 2007;191: 461– 482.</ref> D1 ([[dopamine]] 1) receptor blockade in [[ACC]] reduces preference for expending effort for rats<ref>Schweimer J, Hauber W. Dopamine D1 receptors in the anterior cingulate cortex regulate effort-based decision-making. Learning & Memory. 2006;13: 777–782</ref>.It is non-discriminative between reward types, dopaminergic firing in [[VTA]] does appear to reflect subjective (action) value with integrated responses to both delay and reward amount<ref>Roesch MR, Calu DJ, Schoenbaum G. Dopamine neurons encode the better option in rats deciding between differently delayed or sized rewards. Nature Neuroscience. 2007;10: 1615– 1624.</ref>. Dopaminergic neurons send diffuse projections to [[striatum]] (nigrostriatal pathway) and prefrontal cortex (mesocortical pathway) and thereby transmit a pleasure values or [[learning|teaching]] signal to a variety of brain regions, for learning, stimulus evaluation, and directed action. <ref>Volkow ND, Wang GJ, Telang F, et al. Dopamine increases in striatum do not elicit craving in cocaine abusers unless they are coupled with cocaine cues. NeuroImage. 2008;39: 1266– 1273)</ref>.
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Dopamine agonists can cause pathological gambling behavior<ref>Gallagher DA, O’Sullivan SS, Evans AH, Lees AJ, Schrag A. Pathological gambling in Parkinson’s disease: Risk factors and differences from dopamine dysregulation An analysis of published case series. Movement Disorders. 2007;22: 1757– 1763.</ref>. This finding is in support of the theory that people with less [[rewards]] will try to enhance the rewards, by taking more risks.
  
  

Revision as of 00:50, 30 June 2014

Dopamine appear to play a central role in cost-benefit analysis[1]. It seems to be part of the reward sytem There appear to be multiple dopamine-sensitive decision regions.

Dopamine depletion in ventral striatum reduces propensity for physical effort [2] D1 (dopamine 1) receptor blockade in ACC reduces preference for expending effort for rats[3].It is non-discriminative between reward types, dopaminergic firing in VTA does appear to reflect subjective (action) value with integrated responses to both delay and reward amount[4]. Dopaminergic neurons send diffuse projections to striatum (nigrostriatal pathway) and prefrontal cortex (mesocortical pathway) and thereby transmit a pleasure values or teaching signal to a variety of brain regions, for learning, stimulus evaluation, and directed action. [5].

Dopamine agonists can cause pathological gambling behavior[6]. This finding is in support of the theory that people with less rewards will try to enhance the rewards, by taking more risks.


References

  1. ↑ Phillips PEM, Walton ME, Jhou TC. Calculating utility: Preclinical evidence for cost– benefit analysis by mesolimbic dopamine. Psychopharmacology. 2007;191: 483– 495.
  2. ↑ Salamone JD, Correa M, Farrar A, Mingote SM. Effort-related functions of nucleus accumbens dopamine and associated forebrain circuits. Psychopharmacology. 2007;191: 461– 482.
  3. ↑ Schweimer J, Hauber W. Dopamine D1 receptors in the anterior cingulate cortex regulate effort-based decision-making. Learning & Memory. 2006;13: 777–782
  4. ↑ Roesch MR, Calu DJ, Schoenbaum G. Dopamine neurons encode the better option in rats deciding between differently delayed or sized rewards. Nature Neuroscience. 2007;10: 1615– 1624.
  5. ↑ Volkow ND, Wang GJ, Telang F, et al. Dopamine increases in striatum do not elicit craving in cocaine abusers unless they are coupled with cocaine cues. NeuroImage. 2008;39: 1266– 1273)
  6. ↑ Gallagher DA, O’Sullivan SS, Evans AH, Lees AJ, Schrag A. Pathological gambling in Parkinson’s disease: Risk factors and differences from dopamine dysregulation An analysis of published case series. Movement Disorders. 2007;22: 1757– 1763.
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